ABSTRACT
The Enterococcus flora of duck intestines consisted of E faecalis and E faecium in ducklings less than eight weeks old and E faecalis, E faecium and E gallinarum in ducks more than eight weeks old. The enterococci were resistant to several antibiotics; chloramphenicol and gentamycin sulphate were the only antibiotics of those tested which were moderately effective. All the Enterococcus species isolates were resistant to the macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Ducks/microbiology , Enterococcus/physiology , Intestines/microbiology , Age Factors , Animals , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Enterococcus/drug effects , Enterococcus/isolation & purification , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Enterococcus faecalis/isolation & purification , Enterococcus faecalis/physiology , Enterococcus faecium/drug effects , Enterococcus faecium/isolation & purification , Enterococcus faecium/physiology , India , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
A new antitumor antibiotic, fredericamycin A (FCRC-A48, NSC-305263), has been isolated from a strain of Streptomyces griseus (FCRC-48). Based on its unique ultraviolet-visible spectrum, infrared spectrum, proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and mass spectra, it is judged to be a novel acid-base indicator type of compound. Its production, isolation and physicochemical properties are discussed. The isolation, ultraviolet-visible spectrum and some biological properties of two minor components, fredericamycin B and fredericamycin C, are also described.
Subject(s)
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/isolation & purification , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/biosynthesis , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry, Physical , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Fermentation , Isoquinolines/isolation & purification , Spiro Compounds/isolation & purification , Streptomyces griseus/metabolismABSTRACT
Isolation of a pentaene macrolide antibiotic (NSC-277813) from Streptomyces griseus (FCRC-21) fermentation broth is described. Using field desorption mass spectrometry and high resolution field desorption mass spectrometry on the intact and derivatized antibiotic and degradation products, the antibiotic was identified as fungichromin. The application of field desorption mass spectrometry in the identification of polyene antibiotics is discussed.
Subject(s)
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic , Mass Spectrometry , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/analysis , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/isolation & purification , Macrolides , Methods , Polyenes/analysis , Polyenes/isolation & purification , Streptomyces griseus/analysisABSTRACT
Ornithine-oxo-acid aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.13) from rat kidney was prepared as a single homogeneous protein as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ultracentrifuge analysis and double diffusion precipitin test. Content of pyridoxal phosphate, light absorption spectra, circular dicroism spectra, Km values, inhibitors, and electrophoretic mobilities of the proteins after reactions with group modifying reagents were similar for the ornithine-oxo-acid aminotransferases of rat kidney and liver. Rates of reaction with group modifying reagents, stabilities to storage at -15 degrees C, and stabilities to temperatures above 55 degrees C differed significantly for the two enzymes. The liver enzyme contained two more cysteine residues than the kidney enzyme as determined by three different methods. Heating the liver enzyme at 66-67 degrees C at pH 5.9 for 1 h decreased the thiol groups titratable by 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Nbs2). Uncer the same conditions titratable thiol groups of the kidney enzyme were not decreased. Amino acid analysis revealed probably significant differences in tyrosine and isoleucine content in addition to cysteine. It was concluded that the primary structures of ornithine-oxo-acid aminotransferases of rat liver and kidney are not fully identical.
