Corrigendum: Investigation of supplement use and knowledge among Japanese elite athletes for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic/Paralympic Games and the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic/Paralympic Games.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1258542.].

Investigation of supplement use and knowledge among Japanese elite athletes for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic/Paralympic games and the Beijing 2022 winter Olympic/Paralympic games.

Elite athletes frequently invest in the use of supplements to optimize their dietary regimens and enhance their athletic performance. However, unregulated and unplanned use of supplements can lead to adverse consequences, including anti-doping rule violations or health issues. Thus, athletes should verify their diets, consider scientific evidence, and take necessary precautions regarding supplements before use. To date, no study has explored whether athletes check these factors before using supplements. This study aimed to investigate supplement use using a questionnaire administered to 1,392 athletes (including candidate athletes) who participated in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic/Paralympic and Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic/Paralympic Games. Participants were categorized as follows: 1,040 participants in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games, 83 in the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, 239 in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games, and 30 in the Beijing 2022 Winter Paralympic Games. We collected data on supplement use and gained further knowledge through interviews with the athletes. Approximately 70% of Tokyo 2020 Olympic/Paralympic and Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic athletes and approximately 50% of Beijing 2022 Winter Paralympians used supplements. Over 50% of athletes had not received a doctor's diagnosis or a dietitian's evaluation before supplement use. Moreover, only 50% of the athletes who used dietary supplements reviewed the scientific evidence for the dietary supplements before using them and justified their choice based on their own investigation, while those who did not use dietary supplements cited either a lack of need or fear of an anti-doping rule violation. Considering the holistic health and performance of athletes, as well as the risk associated with unregulated use, such as overdose and anti-doping rule violations, there is a need for nutritional education on supplement use for athletes and their entourages.

Carnosine and anserine ingestion enhances contribution of nonbicarbonate buffering.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of supplementation with chicken breast extract (CBEX), which was a rich source of carnosine and anserine, on acid-base balance and performance during intense intermittent exercise. METHODS: Eight male subjects performed intense intermittent exercise that consisted of 10 x 5-s maximal cycle ergometer sprints with a 25-s recovery period between each sprint. The subjects ingested 190 g of the test soup containing either CBEX or a placebo 30 min before the commencement of exercise. Arterial blood samples were collected at rest and during exercise to estimate the carnosine and anserine concentrations, pH, and bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3-]). RESULTS: Concentrations of anserine and its related amino acid significantly increased 30 min after CBEX supplementation, as compared with their values at rest. However, carnosine did not increase significantly. Following CBEX supplementation, the pH was significantly higher (P < 0.05) at the end of exercise, and [HCO3-] was also significantly higher (P < 0.05) during the latter half of exercise and after exercise. There were no significant differences in the total power and mean power of each set between the CBEX and placebo supplemented groups. CONCLUSION: Although oral supplementation with CBEX (which is a rich source of carnosine and anserine) increased the contribution of the nonbicarbonate buffering action and decreased bicarbonate buffering action in blood, intense intermittent exercise performance did not improve significantly.

Circuit training for elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a preliminary study.

To examine the efficacy of the circuit training in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we evaluated muscle forces of the upper and lower extremities and respiratory muscles, exercise tolerance and quality of life (QOL) before and after the circuit training in 10 male patients with mild to severe COPD. The circuit training improved muscle forces of the upper and lower extremities and abdominal muscles (P < 0.05), and 6 min walking distance (P < 0.05). Emotional function and mastery in the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire scores (P < 0.05) were also improved after the circuit training. The circuit training designed in the present study was effective to improve the QOL in elderly COPD patients.

Plasma orexin-A levels and body composition in COPD.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To study the role of orexins in regulating body composition in patients with COPD. DESIGN: Prospective study. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: We measured the plasma concentration of orexin-A in 20 patients with COPD and compared the results to those obtained from 10 age-matched control subjects. Patients with COPD were classified into two groups based on their body mass index (BMI): a normal weight (NW) group (BMI > 20) and an underweight (UW) group (BMI < 20). RESULTS: The plasma orexin-A level was significantly lower in patients with COPD than in control subjects. In patients with COPD, the level was significantly lower in the UW group than in the NW group. Plasma orexin-A levels significantly correlated with BMI and fat mass values, but there was no significant relationship between plasma orexin-A levels and the fat-free mass of patients with COPD. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that orexin-A levels are altered with weight loss and changes in body composition in patients with COPD.

Effect of heavy-ion radiotherapy on pulmonary function in stage I non-small cell lung cancer patients.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of heavy-ion radiotherapy on pulmonary function in patients with clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan. PATIENTS: From a total of 81 patients who were not candidates for surgical resection due to medical reasons or patient refusal, and who were treated with carbon beam radiotherapy from October 1994 to February 1999, the 52 patients who had completed the repeat overall pulmonary function tests at 6 and 12 months after undergoing heavy-ion radiotherapy were examined. The total heavy-ion irradiation dose ranged from 59.4 to 95.4 photon gray equivalents (GyE), with a mean dose of 76.2 GyE. INTERVENTIONS AND MEASUREMENT: Pulmonary function was evaluated prior to heavy-ion radiotherapy and at 6 and 12 months after heavy-ion radiotherapy. Comparisons of all pulmonary function indexes between, before, and at 6 and 12 months after heavy-ion radiotherapy were made using repeated-measures analysis of variance using the Dunnett test for post hoc comparison. RESULTS: A statistically significant decrease in FEV(1) and total lung capacity was detected at both 6 and 12 months after the patient had undergone heavy-ion radiotherapy. No significant decreases in other pulmonary function indexes in patients were observed at either 6 or 12 months after heavy-ion radiotherapy. The magnitude of the decrease in all pulmonary function indexes was < 8% at both 6 and 12 months after heavy-ion radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that heavy-ion radiotherapy is feasible for stage I NSCLC patients without a severe loss of pulmonary function.

Age-related changes in plasma orexin-A concentrations.

To study the effect of aging on orexin-A, we measured plasma orexin-A concentrations in 82 healthy volunteers (55 men and 27 women) over a wide range of ages (mean 50.2 +/- 13.9 years, ranging from 23 to 79 years). Correlation analyses revealed that plasma orexin-A concentrations correlated with age (r = 0.50, P < 0.01). When comparing three age groups, it appeared that the concentrations in the group of more than 60 years were significantly higher than those in the group of less than 39 years in both genders (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that orexin-A could be involved in aging in a healthy population.