ABSTRACT
Ce travail dont l'objectif etait d'etudier les facteurs limitant l'acces des malades aux anticancereux au Mali; a ete conduit aupres de 30 usagers du service d'hematologie oncologie medicale et de la pharmacie du CHU du Point G; ainsi qu'aupres de pharmacies privees de Bamako. Le support d'enquete etait une fiche d'enquete preetablie et mis a la disposition des personnes enquetees. Les patients ages de 4 a 60 ans; se repartissant entre 9 femmes et 22 hommes ont ete pris en charge pour un cancer du sein (19 cas); une maladie de kaposi (5 cas); une leucemie (2 cas); une maladie de Hodgkin (2 cas); une drepanocytose (1 cas) ou un CMI (1 cas). Tres peu de prescriptions ont pu etre satisfaites par l'approvisionnement hospitalier a cause d'une politique pharmaceutique particuliere du CHU. L'acces des malades aux anticancereux dans les officines privees a ete limitee par l'insuffisance des stocks d'anticancereux et des officines qui en faisaient la commande; le cout eleve des medicaments quand ils etaient commandes et les difficultes geographiques d'acces aux lieux d'achat (longues distances a parcourir). L'inscription des anticancereux sur la liste des medicaments essentiels ainsi que la mise en oeuvre de financements alternatifs pourrait permettre l'acces d'un plus grand nombre de malades aux medicaments anticancereux au Mali
Subject(s)
Academic Medical Centers , Antineoplastic Agents , Legislation, Pharmacy , NeoplasmsABSTRACT
The nuclear DNA content of 28 taxa of Musa was assessed by flow cytometry, using line PxPC6 of Petunia hybrida as an internal standard. The 2C DNA value of Musa balbisiana (BB genome) was 1.16 pg, whereas Musa acuminata (AA genome) had an average 2C DNA value of 1.27 pg, with a difference of 11% between its subspecies. The two haploid (IC) genomes, A and B, comprising most of the edible bananas, are therefore of similar size, 0.63 pg (610 million bp) and 0.58 pg (560 million bp), respectively. The genome of diploid Musa is thus threefold that of Arabidopsis thaliana. The genome sizes in a set of triploid Musa cultivars or clones were quite different, with 2C DNA values ranging from 1.61 to 2.23 pg. Likewise, the genome sizes of tetraploid cultivars ranged from 1.94 to 2.37 pg (2C). Apparently, tetraploids (for instance, accession I.C.2) can have a genome size that falls within the range of triploid genome sizes, and vice versa (as in the case of accession Simili Radjah). The 2C values estimated for organs such as leaf, leaf sheath, rhizome, and flower were consistent, whereas root material gave atypical results, owing to browning. The genomic base composition of these Musa taxa had a median value of 40.8% GC (SD = 0.43%).
Subject(s)
Cell Nucleus/genetics , DNA , Genome, Plant , Algorithms , Flow Cytometry , Musa , Ploidies , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
A high frequency of embryogenesis and transformation from all parts of flowers of two lines of Medicago truncatula R-108-1 and Jemalong J5 were obtained. Using this flower system, we obtained transgenic plants expressing promoter-uidA gene fusions as well as the gfp living cell color reporter gene. Moreover, this method allows us to save time and to use a smaller greenhouse surface for the culture of donor plants. Southern hybridization showed that the internal gfp fragment had the expected size and the number of T-DNA copies integrated in the plant genome varied between one and three. These data suggest that the presence of the GFP protein has no toxic effects, since no rearrangement of the gfp reporter gene was detected in the regenerated plants.
ABSTRACT
We describe a simple and efficient protocol for regeneration-transformation of two diploid Medicago lines: the annual M. truncatula R108-1(c3) and the perennial M. sativa ssp. falcata (L.) Arcangeli PI.564263 selected previously as highly embryogenic genotypes. Here, embryo regeneration of R108-1 to complete plants was further improved by three successive in vitro regeneration cycles resulting in the line R108-1(c3). Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of leaf explants was carried out with promoter-gus constructs of two early nodulins (MsEnod12A and MsEnod12B) and one late nodulin (Srglb3). The transgenic plants thus produced on all explants within 3-4 months remained diploid and were fertile. This protocol appears to be the most efficient and fastest reported so far for leguminous plants.
