ABSTRACT
Currently, the surgical management of pancreas cancer is recognized around the world as inadequate. Long-term survival is rare even though there is a potentially curative R0 resection. There is a strong rationale for the use of chemotherapy in the operating room to reduce local-regional and hepatic sites of recurrent/progressive disease. Gemcitabine monotherapy administered by an intraperitoneal route in the operating room with hyperthermia and then for long-term treatment postoperatively has a strong pharmacologic basis. The exposure of peritoneal surfaces to intraperitoneal gemcitabine is approximately 500 times the exposure that occurs within the plasma. By analogy to another lethal disease, ovarian cancer, intraperitoneal gemcitabine chemotherapy used following potentially curative resection is supported. Data that shows a superiority of multiagent chemotherapy to gemcitabine monotherapy has not been reported. A standardized treatment with intraoperative chemotherapy monitoring of gemcitabine would greatly facilitate further improvements in pancreas cancer treatment and lead the way to an evolution of more successful treatment strategies of this dread disease. The aim of this review is to present the recent available medical information and patents applicable to patients with resected pancreatic cancer.
Subject(s)
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use , Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives , Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacokinetics , Combined Modality Therapy , Deoxycytidine/administration & dosage , Deoxycytidine/pharmacokinetics , Deoxycytidine/therapeutic use , Humans , Hyperthermia, Induced , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Pancreatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , GemcitabineSubject(s)
Aneurysm, False/diagnostic imaging , Face/blood supply , Adult , Humans , Male , Radiography , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Inguinal nodal metastasis is the single most important prognostic factor for survival in a patient with carcinoma penis. In patients without inguinal lymph nodal metastasis at presentation, options include close surveillance or prophylactic inguinal lymph nodal dissection. The majority of patients on surveillance who develop inguinal nodal metastases do so within two to three years of treatment of the primary. Here we report a case who developed inguinal nodal metastasis 10 years after the treatment of primary. This raises questions about the natural history and biology of the disease, the optimum surveillance and whether a patient of carcinoma penis can ever be considered risk-free for metastasis.
