ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Maxillofacial injuries are reported commonly in children encountering animal/dog attack. The level of knowledge of children on such events can form a sound basis for the prevention of maxillofacial injuries resulting from dog bites/attacks. AIM: This study aims to assess the knowledge of children on maxillofacial injuries resulting from dog bites, their management, and rescue skills to be used during the event of a dog attack. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study is a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven hundred children aged 7-12 years participated in the study. A questionnaire consisting of 21 questions assessed the common site and management of injury resulting from dog bites, the source of exposure, and the knowledge of children on rescue skills to be used in the event of dog attack. This was followed by an awareness program to educate the children on rescue skills and management of dog bite injuries. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics were calculated for all the variables. RESULTS: A significant percentage of dog bite injuries occurred on the face and hands in children. Boys were more common victims. Familiar dogs inflicted injuries to the children commonly than stray dogs. The children lacked knowledge on the management of dog bite injuries; however, they were aware of rabies and its prevention. The children were not well aware of rescue skills to be used in the event of a dog attack. CONCLUSION: Children are innocent and behavior of dogs are unpredictable hence they become victims of the dog attacks. Educating children on safe animal behavior can prove vital in reducing gruesome maxillofacial injuries resulting from dog attacks.
Subject(s)
Bites and Stings/epidemiology , Maxillofacial Injuries/therapy , Animals , Bites and Stings/physiopathology , Bites and Stings/therapy , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dogs , Facial Injuries/epidemiology , Female , Hand Injuries/epidemiology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Male , Maxillofacial Injuries/epidemiology , Prevalence , Rabies/transmission , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cancer has become one of the ten leading causes of death in India. Breast cancer is the most common diagnosed malignancy in India, it ranks second to cervical cancer. An increasing trend in incidence is reported from various registries of national cancer registry project and now India is a country with largest estimated number of breast cancer deaths worldwide. AIM: To study the factors associated with breast cancer. OBJECTIVES: To study the association between breast cancer and selected exposure variables and to identify risk factors for breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hospital based Case control study was conducted at Shirdi Sai Baba Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Manipal, Udupi District. RESULTS: Total 188 participants were included in the study, 94 cases and 94 controls. All the study participants were between 25 to 69 years of age group. The cases and controls were matched by ± 2 years age range. Non vegetarian diet was one of the important risk factors (OR 2.80, CI 1.15-6.81). More than 7 to 12 years of education (OR 4.84 CI 1.51-15.46) had 4.84 times risk of breast cancer as compared with illiterate women. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that non vegetarian diet is the important risk factor for Breast Cancer and the risk of Breast Cancer is more in educated women as compared with the illiterate women. LIMITATION: This is a Hospital based study so generalisability of the findings could be limited.
