ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To compare the audiological profiles in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis and to study the pattern of hearing loss in osteoporotic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 80 postmenopausal women were evaluated at a tertiary referral center and were divided into normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic based on BMD results. The hearing evaluation was done using PTA, Impedance audiometry and DPOAE and the results were compared between the groups and analyzed. RESULTS: Osteoporotic patients had higher incidence of sensorineural hearing loss than normal and osteopenic patients and the results were statistically significant (Pâ¯≤0.001) on PTA and DPOAE testing. The mean pure tone thresholds were significantly higher in osteoporotic patients in comparison with normal and osteopenic patients. The average hearing loss in osteoporotic patients with sensorineural loss was of mild degree. CONCLUSION: The data reveal that osteoporosis is associated with sensorineural hearing loss in postmenopausal women. The underlying mechanism needs further research but cochlear dysfunction could be an important factor.
Subject(s)
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/epidemiology , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/etiology , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/complications , Absorptiometry, Photon/methods , Acoustic Impedance Tests/methods , Age Distribution , Aged , Audiometry, Pure-Tone/methods , Auditory Threshold/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/diagnosis , Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous/physiology , Reference Values , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is one of most common surgeries in otorhinolaryngology practice. It is done in the narrow confines of the nasal cavity. Bleeding into the surgical field is a major problem faced by endoscopic surgeons. To assess the effectiveness of pterygopalatine fossa infiltration with lignocaine and adrenaline in controlling surgical field bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery. A randomized blinded study was done among 68 patients who underwent FESS. Infiltration with 2% lignocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline was given only on one side and the surgeon was blinded as to which side was infiltrated and he was asked to assess the surgical field using a standard scale. There was statistical significant improvement in surgical field on the infiltrated side (p = 0.001) with almost 25-30% improvement in surgical field on the infiltrated side. The surgical field bleeding also varied with the blood pressure with a positive correlation. There were no complications associated with the procedure. Pterygopalatine fossa infiltration with lignocaine and adrenaline is an effective technique in reducing surgical field bleeding during FESS. It can be combined with nasal decongestion or hypotensive anaesthesia for an optimum surgical field.
