Genetic identification of cattle hydatid cyst isolates from northeast and southwest of Iran

Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) caused by the larval stages of taeniid cestodes of the genus Echinococcus is a neglected helminth zoonosis affecting humans and various animal species. The aim of this study was to assess the fertility of cattle from two provinces in the northeast and southwest of Iran, and molecularly characterize the hydatid cysts collected from them. From 5000 carcasses of naturally infected cattle inspected from October 2013 to December 2015, 70 hydatid cysts were collected in Mashhad in the northeast and 50 from Ahvaz in the southwest. All 120 samples were identified as E. granulosus senso stricto (G1, common sheep strain) by PCR-RFLP analysis and sequencing of the ITS1 gene. All cysts recovered from these animals were sterile, highlighting the lower importance of cattle in the transmission of the "sheep strain". The fact that that the zoonotic E. granulosus s.s. is dominant makes CE an important public health concern in Iran.

A retrospective study of abattoir condemnation due to parasitic infections: economic importance in Ahwaz, southwestern Iran.

A 5-yr retrospective study in livestock slaughtered in abattoirs was carried out in Khuzestan Province (southwestern Iran) to determine the prevalence of parasitic infections responsible for condemnation of slaughtered animals' carcasses and viscera. The economic importance of such infections in terms of lost meat and offal were also estimated. Between 20 March 2006 and 19 March 2011, 125,593 cattle, 1,191,871 sheep, 240,221 goats, and 25,010 buffalos were slaughtered in the study area; the livers of 58,753 (3.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.7-3.8%), the lungs of 34,522 (2.2%; 95% CI: 2.1-2.2%), and the carcasses of 78 (0.0049% 95% CI: 0.0048-0.0049%) of these animals were condemned. Proportions of liver, lung, and carcass condemnations during the 5-yr study period in buffalos were significantly greater than the other species (P < 0.001). Frequency of liver condemnation during the 5-yr period for cattle was greater than sheep and goats (P < 0.001), but condemnation of lungs in goat was significantly greater than sheep and cattle (P < 0.001). The parasitic lesions observed in the condemned livers were attributed to Echinococcus granulosus, Fasciola hepatica, or Dicrocoelium dendriticum, or some combination of these species. All the parasitic lesions observed in the condemned lungs from cattle, sheep, goats, and buffalos are ascribed to E. granulosus. Sarcocystis spp. cysts were found in ovine and buffalo muscles, whereas Taenia sp. cysticerci were detected in bovine muscle. Muscles of goats were devoid of any parasitic lesions. Parasites were responsible for 54.1% of the condemned organs or carcasses, with a retail value (based on market prices in 2011) of $1,148,181 (U.S.) ($137,880 for cattle, $602,699 for sheep, $280,955 for goats, and $126,647 for buffalos). The parasites contributing most to the condemnation of otherwise marketable organs and flesh were E. granulosus (29.2%) and F. hepatica (18.6%). These parasites clearly remain the most common, causing considerable economic loss in Khuzestan Province and, presumably, other areas of Iran.