[Erythrone system in aged patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency].

Basic mechanisms underlying the development of chronic cardiac insufficiency (CCI) in aged subjects were investigated in a randomized study of 30 patients with I-IV functional class CCI and preserved left ventricular systolic function. CCI affected the left side of the heart in 23 patients due to concurrent hypertensive disease and the right side in 7 patients with concomitant chronic broncho-pulmonary pathology. Mean age of the patients was 65 years. Control group comprised 8 practically healthy middle-age subjects. Erythrone system condition was evaluated from erythrocyte morphological characteristics and chemical composition studied by scanning electron microscopy on a FEI quanta 2003D apparatus in the Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials Centre, Belgorod State University. Pathological changes in the erythrone system of CCI patients included changes of erythrocyte shape and chemical composition especially well apparent in cases with chronic pulmonary heart. As CCI progressed, erythrocytes in the form of bi-convex disks turned to spheres with the papillose surface. The sphere to disk ratio in the compensation, sub- and decompensation stages was 1:7, 1:4, and 9:1 respectively compared with 1:60 in controls. Spherocytes contained less nitrogen than normal diskocytes. Protein degradation was more apparent in aged CCI patients. Their erythrocytes contained 4.5-5, 2, 3 and 4 times more calcium, magnesium, aluminium, and silicon respectively than the cells of healthy subjects. It suggests development of calcium paradox, abnormal membrane permeability and gradual cell death (hemolysis). Anemia in aged CCI patients appears be of haemolytic nature. It occurred in 6.7-11.5% of the cases of left ventricular CCI and in 33.3% of the aged patients with chronic pulmonary heart, the lethality rate being 0.93 and 28.6% respectively. It is concluded that changes in the erythrone system in the form of erythrocyte spherulation, accumulation of calcium and other chemical elements suggest a poor prognosis of CCI in elderly patients.

[Immunological correction in progressive pulmonary tuberculosis].

The authors used their immunological correction method to treat 154 patients with progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. Of them, 38 patients received standard antituberculosis therapy (Group 1), 39 had additionally paravasal lymphotrophic immunological correction (Group 2), and 38 took antituberculous drugs in accordance with individual regimens (Group 3), and 39 patients were treated by individual regimens during immunological correction (Group 4). After termination of the basic course of chemotherapy, clinical cure was achieved in 61.1, 76.3, 72.2, and 94.7%, respectively (p < 0.05). During the basic course, mortality was 11.1, 5.3, and 5.5% in the first three groups. By taking into account the immunological status of patients with caseous pneumonia, disseminated, and multicavernous pulmonary tuberculous lesion, immunological correction is indicated early in the basic course of therapy.

[The immune and fibrinolytic systems in heart failure developing against a background of cardiac atherosclerosis]. / Immunnaia i fibrinoliticheskaia sistemy pri serdechnoi nedostatochnosti, razvivsheisia na fone kardial'nogo ateroskleroza.

A study made to gain insight into the bodily immune and fibrinolytic systems in 72 patients with cardiac insufficiency developed against the background of cardial atherosclerosis showed imbalance in the ratio of cellular to humoral links of immunity and enhancement of the autoimmune processed activity, inhibition of activity of the monocytomacrophagal link. Disturbances in the fibrinolytic system were manifested by blood and urine lowering of activity of the plasminogen activator, with the antiplasmin activity being on the decrease as well, which fact is regarded as formation of a new stationary state in the system of haemocoagulation maintaining hemostasis.

[Immune and fibrinolytic system functions in the cardiac manifestations of atherosclerosis]. / Sostoianie immunnoi i fibrinoliticheskoi sistem pri kardial'nykh proiavleniiakh ateroskleroza.

A total of 77 patients with various clinical forms of cardiac atherosclerosis were examined. Fibrinolytic and immune systems were studied together with blood plasma concentration of fibronectine. Disorders of the same type have been revealed of immunologic reactivity manifested by enhancement of humoral immunity and impairment of cellular immunity, increase in coagulative activity, decline in the activity of the system of fibrinolysis. Latent DBS syndrome recorded in the above patients associated with decline in the activity of monocytic-macrophagal link of immunity and low fibrinolytic potential is a pathogenetic prerequisite of progression of atherosclerosis indicating main trends in drug therapy.

[The functional activity of the poly- and mononuclear leukocytes in patients with different clinical forms of ischemic heart disease]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' poli - mononuklearnykh leikotsitov u bol'nykh s razlichnymi klinicheskimi formami ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

While studying the functional activity of poly- and mononuclear leucocytes in 75 patients with various clinical types of ischemic heart disease (angina of effort, angina decubitus, arrhythmias, cardiac insufficiency at the background of atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis and atherosclerotic hypertension), decline in the functional activity of the phagocytizing cells has been revealed, this being considered to be a pathogenetic prerequisite for atherosclerosis progression.

[The role of the immune and fibrinolytic systems in the inhibition of atherogenesis in chronic obstructive bronchitis]. / Rol' immunnoi i fibrinoliticheskoi sistem v tormozhenii aterogeneza pri khronicheskom obstruktivnom bronkhite.

A study of the immune and fibrinolytic systems of the body in 216 patients with different clinical forms of atherosclerosis (exertion and rest stenocardia, arrhythmias, atherosclerotic hypertension), chronic obstructive bronchitis revealed that the antiatherogenous effect of chronic obstructive bronchitis is predetermined on the one side by an increased function of the monocytic-macrophagal link of immunity and on the other by activation of the fibrinolysis system.

[Fibrinolysis, interleukins and coronary atherosclerosis]. / Fibrinoliz, interleikiny i kardial'nyi ateroskleroz.

The study of the fibrinolytic system and the activity of interleukin 1 and 2 in 75 patients with various cardial manifestations of atherosclerosis (angina of effort, angina decubitus, arrhythmia, symptomatic hypertension) revealed a decrease in the activity of plasminogen--a blood activator--in patients with angina of effort, angina decubitus and cardiac arrhythmias. In those with atherosclerotic hypertension the activatory activity was in the normal limits. A decrease in the activity of interleukin 1 and 2 was noted in all those examined.

[Changes in immune and fibrinolytic systems of patients with atherosclerosis and chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases]. / Izmeneniia immunnoi i fibrinoliticheskoi sistemy u bol'nykh aterosklerozom pri khronicheskikh nespetsificheskikh zabolevaniiakh legkikh.

The study of immune and fibrinolytic systems in 216 atherosclerosis patients with associated chronic obstructions of the lungs revealed a discrete pattern of activity of plasminogen activator which is low in atherosclerosis in contrast to its elevation in combination of atherosclerosis with pulmonary obstructions. The latter cases manifest E-RFC relative number to be reduced in increased number of EAC-RFC. Growing amount of EA-RFM, elevated blood antithrombin III, activation of plasminogen activator in atherosclerosis coexistence with obstructive pulmonary lesions arrest the development of latent DIC syndrome and progression of atherosclerosis.