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1.
Health Phys ; 115(4): 474-489, 2018 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30148813

ABSTRACT

A regulatory authority for radiation safety should continuously evaluate and improve the national safety framework, in line with current requirements and standards. In this context, the Greek Atomic Energy Commission initiated a series of concerted actions. The radiation dose to the population due to public and medical exposures was assessed. The assessment of dose due to public exposure was based on measurements of radon concentrations in dwellings, radionuclide concentrations in environmental samples, and air dose rates; the assessment of dose due to medical exposure was based on dose measurements for typical examinations or procedures and data on their frequency. The mean effective dose to a member of the population was found to be 4.5 mSv (1.8 mSv and 2.7 mSv from medical and public exposures, respectively). Regarding occupational exposure, aircrew dose assessment, eye lens monitoring, and the national dose registry were significantly improved. With respect to artificial tanning (sun beds), the ultraviolet radiation produced was assessed and the practices followed were observed. Results demonstrated exceedance of the 0.3 W m erythema effective irradiance limit set in European Union standards by 63.5% of the sun beds measured, along with general noncompliance with standards. An overarching activity was the upgrade of the Greek Atomic Energy Commission information system in order to collect and disseminate radiation data electronically, launch a networking strategy for interaction with stakeholders, and facilitate the process of regulatory control. In response to the above findings, regulatory actions have been initiated.


Subject(s)
Occupational Exposure/analysis , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Radiation Protection/methods , Radiation Protection/standards , Sunbathing , Construction Materials , Drinking Water , Greece , Humans , Lens, Crystalline/radiation effects , Radiation Dosage , Radioisotopes , Radon/analysis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Ultraviolet Rays , Water Pollutants, Radioactive
2.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 165(1-4): 111-4, 2015 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25836684

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the present study was to present the national diagnostic reference levels (DRL) established for panoramic dental examinations in Greece. The establishment of DRL, as a tool for the optimisation of radiological procedures, is a requirement of national regulations. Measurements performed by the Greek Atomic Energy Commission on 90 panoramic systems have been used for the derivation of DRL values. DRL values have been proposed for exposure settings of different patient types (child, small adult and standard adult), both for film and digital imaging. The DRLs for different patient types are grouped in three categories: children, small adults (corresponding to female) and average adults (corresponding to male). Proposed DRLs for these groups are 2.2, 3.3 and 4.1 mGy, respectively. In order to investigate the correlation of DRLs with the available imaging modalities (CR, DR and film), this parameter was taken into account. DR imaging DRL is the lowest at 3.5 mGy, CR imaging the highest at 4.2 mGy and film imaging at 3.7 mGy. In order to facilitate comparison with other studies, kerma-width product values were calculated from Ki, air and field size.


Subject(s)
Radiography, Dental/standards , Radiography, Panoramic/standards , Adult , Air , Child , Databases, Factual , Female , Film Dosimetry/instrumentation , Film Dosimetry/methods , Greece , Humans , Male , Phantoms, Imaging , Radiation Dosage , Radiation Protection/methods , Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods , Radiographic Image Enhancement/standards , Radiography, Dental/methods , Radiography, Panoramic/methods , Radiometry , Reference Values , X-Rays
3.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 163(3): 319-24, 2015 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24891405

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to present a national survey that was performed in Greece for the establishment of national Dose Reference Levels (DRLs) for seven common adult Computed Tomography (CT) examinations. Volumetric computed tomography dose index and dose-length product values were collected from the post-data page of 65 'modern' systems that incorporate tube current modulation. Moreover, phantom dose measurements on 26 'older' systems were performed. Finally, the effective dose to the patient from a typical acquisition during these examinations was estimated. The suggested national DRLs are generally comparable with respective published values from similar European studies, with the exception of sinuses CT, which presents significantly higher values. This fact, along with the large variation of the systems' dose values that were observed even for scanners of the same type, indicates a need for further patient protection optimisation without compromising the clinical outcome.


Subject(s)
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/statistics & numerical data , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/standards , Environmental Exposure/analysis , Environmental Exposure/standards , Whole-Body Counting/statistics & numerical data , Whole-Body Counting/standards , Adult , Body Burden , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/instrumentation , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis/standards , Greece , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Male , Phantoms, Imaging/standards , Radiation Dosage , Radiation Protection/standards , Radiation Protection/statistics & numerical data , Reference Values
4.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 156(4): 455-7, 2013 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23615358

ABSTRACT

Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) is a tool for the optimisation of radiological procedures. Establishment of a DRL is a requirement of national regulations. Measurements performed by the Greek Atomic Energy Commission on 529 dental intraoral radiographic facilities have been used in order to define DRLs for digital and film imaging modalities, taking into account the region of the mouth to be imaged. Thus, different DRL values have been proposed for minimum (usually incisors), maximum (usually maxillary molars) and average exposure settings, both for film and digital imaging. The results have been compared with similar studies performed in Europe and the USA and are in line with the most recent ones.


Subject(s)
Radiation Protection/methods , Radiography, Dental/standards , Reference Standards , Film Dosimetry/instrumentation , Film Dosimetry/standards , Greece , Humans , Mandible/diagnostic imaging , Molar/diagnostic imaging , Quality Assurance, Health Care/standards , Radiation Dosage , Radiography, Dental, Digital/standards , Radiometry/instrumentation , Radiometry/standards
5.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 147(1-2): 202-5, 2011 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21821614

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the performance of 52 full field digital (FFD) and computed radiography (CR) mammography systems checked by the Greek Atomic Energy Commission with respect to dose and image quality. Entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) was measured and average glandular dose (AGD) was calculated according to the European protocol on dosimetry in mammography. The exposures were performed using the clinical protocol of each laboratory. The image quality was assessed by the total score of resolved phantom structures incorporated in an American College of Radiology accreditation phantom. The mean ESAK values for FFD and CR systems were 4.59 ± 1.93 and 5.0 ± 1.78 mGy, respectively, whereas the AGD yielded a mean value of 1.06 ± 0.36 mGy for the FFD and 1.04 ± 0.35 mGy for the CR systems. Considering image quality, FFD systems indicated a mean total score of 13.04 ± 0.89, whereas CR systems a mean total score of 11.54 ± 1.06.


Subject(s)
Breast/radiation effects , Mammography , Radiographic Image Enhancement , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Breast/pathology , Female , Greece , Humans , Phantoms, Imaging , Radiation Dosage
6.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 144(1-4): 173-6, 2011 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21196464

ABSTRACT

The use of active personal dosemeters (APDs) not only as a warning device but also, in some cases, as an official and hence stand-alone dosemeter is rapidly increasing. A comparison in terms of dose, energy and angle dependence, among different types of APD and a routinely used whole-body thermoluminescence dosemeter (TLD) has been performed. Significant differences were found between the TLD readings and mainly some not commonly used APDs. The importance of choosing the best adapted APD according to the radiation field characteristics is pointed out.


Subject(s)
Radiation Monitoring/instrumentation , Radiation Protection/instrumentation , Thermoluminescent Dosimetry/instrumentation , Calibration , Cesium Radioisotopes/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Equipment Design , Humans , Occupational Exposure , Radiation Dosage , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Radiation Protection/methods , Radiometry/instrumentation , Radiometry/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Thermoluminescent Dosimetry/methods , Whole Body Imaging
7.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 144(1-4): 207-10, 2011 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21199822

ABSTRACT

LiF is a well-known thermoluminescent (TL) material used in individual monitoring, and its fading characteristics have been studied for years. In the present study, the fading characteristics (for a period of 150 d) of various commercial LiF materials with different dopants have been evaluated. The materials used in the study are those used in routine procedures by the Personal Dosimetry Department of Greek Atomic Energy Commission and in particular, LiF:Mg,Ti (MTS-N, TL Poland), LiF:Mg,Cu,P (MCP-N, TL Poland), LiF:Mg,Cu,P (MCP-Ns, thin active layer detector, TL Poland) and LiF:Mg,Cu,P (TLD100H, Harshaw). The study showed that there is a sensitivity loss in signal of up to 20 % for the MTS-N material for a 150-d period in the pre-irradiation fading phase. The MCP-N has a stable behaviour in the pre-irradiation fading phase, but this also depends on the readout system. As far as the post-irradiation fading effect is concerned, a decrease of up to 20 % for the MTS-N material is observed for the same time period. On the other hand, the LiF:Mg,Cu,P material presents a stable behaviour within ± 5 %. These results show that the fading effect is different for each material and should be taken into account when estimating doses from dosemeters that are in use for >2 months.


Subject(s)
Copper/analysis , Fluorides/analysis , Lithium Compounds/analysis , Magnesium/analysis , Phosphorus/analysis , Radiation Monitoring/instrumentation , Thermoluminescent Dosimetry/instrumentation , Titanium/analysis , Humans , Radiation Dosage , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Radiation Protection/instrumentation , Radiation Protection/methods , Thermoluminescent Dosimetry/methods , Time Factors
8.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 144(1-4): 17-25, 2011 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20959338

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the European Commission technical recommendations (TR) for monitoring individuals occupationally exposed to external radiation is to provide guidance on those aspects of the implementation of the European Union Parliament and Council Directives directly related to individual monitoring of external radiation, and to encourage harmonisation thereof. They are mainly aimed at the management and staff of IM services but also at manufacturers, laboratories supplying type-testing services, national authorities trying to harmonise approval procedures, and government bodies to harmonise regulations and guidance. The TR main topics are: objectives and aims of IM for external radiation; dosimetry concepts; accuracy requirements; calibration, type testing and performance testing; approval procedures; quality assurance and quality control; and dose record keeping. Attention is paid to particular aspects, such as wide energy ranges for the use of personal dosemeters, pulsed fields and non-charged particle equilibrium; and use of active personal dosemeters. The TR give proposals towards achieving harmonisation in IM and the eventual mutual recognition of services and of dose results.


Subject(s)
Environmental Exposure/standards , Occupational Exposure/standards , Radiation Dosage , Radiation Monitoring/standards , Radiometry/standards , Calibration , European Union , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Quality Control , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Radiation Protection/methods , Radiation Protection/standards , Radiometry/methods
9.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 144(1-4): 588-91, 2011 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21131663

ABSTRACT

The present article deals with the education and training (E&T) issues of individual monitoring (IM) of ionising radiation, based on the requirements provided by the Basic Safety Standards Euratom Directive and the European Commission Technical Recommendations for IM of external radiation. The structure and the objectives of E&T programmes addressed to the staff of dosimetry services, in order to allow the recognition and ensure the continuity of expertise are discussed. The necessity for the establishment of a national strategy for building competence in IM through information, education, training and retraining programmes, addressed to the individually monitored personnel is underlined. The train the trainers' concept is recognised as being an important tool for optimising resources and transferring the skills necessary for building competence. The conditions under which an efficient train the trainers' approach can be established are discussed. Examples of curricula concerning the key persons involved in the provision of E&T in occupational radiation protection are also given.


Subject(s)
Occupational Exposure/prevention & control , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Radiation Protection/methods , Radiation, Ionizing , Radiometry/methods , Curriculum , Europe , Humans , Inservice Training , Program Development , Radiation Monitoring/standards , Radiation Protection/standards , Radiometry/standards , Teaching/standards
10.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 144(1-4): 596-8, 2011 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21115448

ABSTRACT

An individual monitoring programme is one of the main components of any radiation protection programme since it constitutes the mean for assessing and thus optimising the doses of occupationally exposed workers. The Greek Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC) is the competent authority for radiation protection and nuclear safety in Greece. GAEC's educational and training activities in the field of occupational radiation protection at the national and regional (Eastern Europe) level are presented, along with the relevant activities of the University of Ioannina in the region of North-West Greece, as an example of a local education and training programme. The curricula of two postgraduate courses addressed to qualified experts and medical physics experts and mainly the modules dedicated to individual monitoring are discussed as well.


Subject(s)
Radiation Monitoring/methods , Radiation Protection/methods , Radiometry/methods , Curriculum , Education, Graduate , Greece , Humans , Occupational Exposure/prevention & control , Program Evaluation , Quality Control , Reproducibility of Results , Thermoluminescent Dosimetry/instrumentation , Universities
11.
J Environ Radioact ; 101(12): 1013-23, 2010 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20813440

ABSTRACT

During a preliminary survey at the area of an abandoned fertilizer plant, increased levels of radioactivity were measured at places, buildings, constructions and materials. The extent of the contamination was determined and the affected areas were characterized as controlled areas. After the quantitative and qualitative determination of the contaminated materials, the decontamination was planned and performed step by step: the contaminated materials were categorized according to their physical characteristics (scrap metals, plastic pipes, scales and residues, building materials, etc) and according to their level of radioactivity. Depending on the material type, different decontamination and disposal options were proposed; the most appropriate technique was chosen taking into account apart from technical issues, the legal framework, radiation protection issues, the opinion of the local authorities involved as well as the owner's wish. After taking away the biggest amount of the contaminated materials, an iterative process consisting of surveys and decontamination actions was performed in order to remove the residual traces of contamination from the area. During the final survey, no residual surface contamination was detected; some sparsely distributed low level contaminated materials deeply immersed into the soil were found and removed.


Subject(s)
Environmental Restoration and Remediation/methods , Phosphoric Acids/analysis , Phosphorus/analysis , Plants , Radiation Protection/methods , Soil Pollutants/analysis , Calcium Sulfate/analysis , Calcium Sulfate/isolation & purification , Construction Materials , Environmental Restoration and Remediation/legislation & jurisprudence , Fertilizers , Phosphoric Acids/isolation & purification , Phosphorus/isolation & purification , Radiation Protection/legislation & jurisprudence , Radioisotopes/analysis , Soil Pollutants/chemistry , Soil Pollutants/isolation & purification , Spectrometry, Gamma
13.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 129(4): 419-25, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17971345

ABSTRACT

This study presents the results from a survey conducted by the Greek Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC), during the period 1998-2003, in 530 public and private owned fluoroscopic X-ray systems in Greece. Certain operational parameters for conventional and remote control systems were assessed, according to a quality control protocol developed by GAEC on the basis of the current literature. Public (91.5%) and private (81.5%) owned fluoroscopic units exhibit high-contrast resolution values over 1 lp mm(-1). Moreover, 88.5 and 87.1% of the fluoroscopic units installed in the public and private sector, respectively, present Maximum Patient Entrance Kerma Rate values lower than 100 mGy min(-1). Additionally, 68.3% of the units assessed were found to perform within the acceptance limits. Finally, the third quartile of the Entrance Surface Dose Rate distribution was estimated according to the Dose Reference Level definition and found equal to 35 mGy min(-1).


Subject(s)
Fluoroscopy/methods , Fluoroscopy/standards , Radiation Dosage , Greece , Humans , Private Sector , Public Sector , Quality Control , Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation , Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods
14.
Phys Med ; 23(3-4): 107-14, 2007 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18023226

ABSTRACT

This study presents the results of the on-site inspections performed by the Greek Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC) on conventional X-ray systems, both in public and private medical radiology departments. A part of the inspection concerns the assessment of important radiographic parameters obtained according to a specified quality control protocol and the comparison of the measured parameter values with the corresponding acceptance limits. A total number of 1011 radiographic systems were inspected by the GAEC during the period 1998-2004, with 63.4% of them being privately owned. Analysis of 8 different operational parameters is carried out providing information on the overall performance, as well as on each parameter of the inspected X-ray systems. Tube voltage reproducibility values show the highest percentage of acceptability (98.9%, 99.5% for private and public owned radiographic systems respectively), while linearity of radiation output for private systems (72.5%) and time accuracy for public ones (72.7%) show the worst results. The comparison of the results for the private sector to those of a similar study carried out during the period 1995-1997 indicates a substantial improvement in X-ray systems performance. Higher level of improvement shows exposure time accuracy (12.2% percentile increase) and linearity of radiation output (12.5% percentile increase). Nevertheless, the situation can be further optimized if maintenance and quality control of the radiographic systems are carried out on a more regular basis.


Subject(s)
Radiography/methods , Radiography/standards , Advisory Committees/legislation & jurisprudence , Greece , Humans , Private Sector , Public Sector , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Time Factors
15.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 125(1-4): 403-6, 2007.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17223636

ABSTRACT

According to the Euratom Directives (96/29, 97/43), the doses received by the workers as well as the family of patients and third persons during medical exposures, should conform to the dose constraint levels (DCLs), established by the authorities for each group in the context of optimisation. This study deals with the implementation of a radiation protection protocol, concerning the aforementioned group members for patients undergoing treatment with 111In-DTPA-D-Phe1-Octreotide, after intra-arterial infusion. It is shown that by applying this protocol the annual doses to the medical and technical staff are considerably reduced and remain below the established DCLs. Following the post-release behaviour instructions given to the patient, doses to the family and third persons may be kept lower than the corresponding DCLs provided by the National Regulations.


Subject(s)
Family , Medical Staff , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Pentetic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Radiation Protection/methods , Radiopharmaceuticals/analysis , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Greece , Internationality , Pentetic Acid/analysis , Pentetic Acid/therapeutic use , Radiation Dosage , Radiopharmaceuticals/therapeutic use , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity
16.
Br J Radiol ; 80(950): 107-12, 2007 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16885174

ABSTRACT

The objective of the study was to derive a mathematical method for calculating the entrance surface dose (ESD) from exposure factors for all tube potentials used in clinical practice and to compare the calculated ESDs (ESD(C)) with those measured (ESD(TLD)) using thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs). The exposure parameters of 43 patients who underwent (a) posteroanterior (PA) and lateral (LAT) chest examination (13 patients), (b) supine abdomen (10 patients), (c) erectus abdomen (10 patients), or (d) urinary tract examination (10 patients) were recorded. Patient ESD was directly measured by TLDs and calculated from exposure factors. The differences between ESD(C) and ESD(TLD) were quite small and could be explained by the uncertainties involved in both methods, in all but the PA chest examination where the ESD(C) was about 50% larger than ESD(TLD). However, in PA chest the ESD(TLD) was close to the minimum detectable dose of TLDs, questioning the accuracy of ESD(TLD). Further investigation showed that using the high tube potential technique (130 kV) in the PA chest examination resulted in very short exposure times, in the region of 4 ms. In such short exposure times, the X-ray generator operation presented stability problems that led to loss of output linearity and consequently to false calculation of ESD. The calculation method offers a reliable and cheap alternative to the measurement of ESD by TLD, provided that the exposure times are not as short as in the PA chest examinations recorded in this study, so that the output linearity with tube current-time product (mAs) is maintained.


Subject(s)
Radiation Dosage , Radiography/standards , Body Weight , Humans , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Radiology Department, Hospital/standards
17.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 118(2): 139-43, 2006.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16581923

ABSTRACT

Following the publication of the EU Council Directive 96/29, EURADOS coordinated two working groups (WGs) for promoting the process of harmonisation on individual monitoring of occupationally exposed persons in Europe. An overview of the major findings of the second WG is presented. Information on the technical and quality standards and on the accreditation and approval procedures has been compiled. The catalogue of dosimetric services has been updated and extended. An overview of national regulations and standards for protection from radon and other natural sources in workplaces has been made, attempting to combine the results from individual monitoring for external, internal and workplace monitoring. A first status description of the active personal dosemeters, including legislative and technical information, and their implementation has been made. The importance of practical factors on the uncertainty in the dose measurement has been estimated. Even if a big progress has been made towards harmonisation, there is still work to be done.


Subject(s)
Radiation Monitoring/methods , Radiation Protection/methods , Radiometry/instrumentation , Europe , European Union , Occupational Exposure/prevention & control , Radiation Dosage , Radiation Monitoring/standards , Radiation Protection/standards , Radiometry/methods , Reference Standards
18.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 118(3): 260-4, 2006.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16143723

ABSTRACT

More than 40 industrial radiography laboratories are operating in Greece using X-ray or gamma-ray sources and more than 250 workers occupationally exposed to ionising radiation in these facilities are monitored on a regular basis. This study presents the evolution of individual doses received by radiographers during the past years. The mean annual dose (MAD) of all workers as well as of exposed workers is estimated, and correlated to the types of laboratories and practices applied. The MAD of the exposed workers in industrial radiography is compared with the doses of workers in other specialties and with the doses of radiographers in other countries. Furthermore, the study attempts to propose dose constraints for the practices in industrial radiography, according to the BSS European directive and the relevant Greek radiation protection legislation. The proposed value was defined as the dose below which the annual doses of 75% of the exposed radiographers are expected to be included.


Subject(s)
Industry/statistics & numerical data , Laboratories/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Radiography/statistics & numerical data , Risk Assessment/methods , Gamma Rays , Greece/epidemiology , Humans , Materials Testing/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , X-Rays
19.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 112(1): 169-89, 2004.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15574990

ABSTRACT

Results of performance tests verifying the dosimetric properties of dosimetric systems are published in various reports (e.g. IAEA and EURADOS). However, there is hardly any information in the open literature relating to the uncertainty in a dose measurement or in the annual dose, which is increased by failure of the evaluation or data management system, damage of the dosemeter itself or by the loss of dosemeter. In this article, an attempt is made to estimate the importance of the above-mentioned conditions. This is achieved by sending questionnaires to about 200 approved dosimetric services in Europe. In total 88 questionnaires were returned and analysed. In the questionnaires, the frequency of occurrence of the various error conditions were investigated. Participants were also asked to evaluate the impact of the error condition from a dosimetric point of view and what countermeasures are taken. The article summarises all responses and compares different sources of errors according to their impact on the uncertainty of the resulting dose and gives a comprehensive overview on quality control actions and reliability on reported doses from European dosimetric services.


Subject(s)
Documentation/standards , Quality Assurance, Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Radiation Monitoring/standards , Radiation Protection/instrumentation , Radiation Protection/statistics & numerical data , Radiometry/instrumentation , Radiometry/statistics & numerical data , Body Burden , Data Collection , Databases, Factual , Documentation/methods , Documentation/statistics & numerical data , Environmental Monitoring/instrumentation , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Environmental Monitoring/standards , Environmental Monitoring/statistics & numerical data , Europe , Guidelines as Topic/standards , Interinstitutional Relations , International Cooperation , Mandatory Reporting , Occupational Exposure/standards , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care/methods , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Quality Control , Radiation Dosage , Radiation Protection/methods , Radiation Protection/standards , Radiometry/methods , Radiometry/standards , Reference Standards , Reproducibility of Results , Safety Management/methods , Safety Management/organization & administration , Safety Management/statistics & numerical data , Sensitivity and Specificity
20.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 101(1-4): 233-7, 2002.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12382742

ABSTRACT

A quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) programme was applied to the personal monitoring department (TLD based) of the Greek Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC). This programme was designed according to the recommendations of international bodies such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the European Commission (CEC). This paper deals with the presentation of the QA/QC programme which includes administrative data and information, technical checking of the equipment, acceptance tests of new equipment and dosemeters, issuing and processing of the dosemeters, dose evaluation, record keeping and reporting, traceability and reproducibility, handling of complaints, internal reviews and external audits.


Subject(s)
Nuclear Energy , Occupational Exposure/prevention & control , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Quality Control , Radiation Dosage , Radiometry/standards , Calibration , Greece , Humans , Reproducibility of Results
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