ABSTRACT
Integrins are α/ß heterodimers that interconvert between inactive and active states. In the active state the α/ß cytoplasmic domains recruit integrin-activating proteins and separate the transmembrane and cytoplasmic (TMcyto) domains (unclasped TMcyto). Conversely, in the inactive state the α/ß TMcyto domains bind integrin-inactivating proteins, resulting in the association of the TMcyto domains (clasped TMcyto). Here, we report the isolation of integrin cytoplasmic tail interactors using either lipid bicelle-incorporated integrin TMcyto domains (α5, αM, αIIb, ß1, ß2 and ß3 integrin TMcyto) or a clasped, lipid bicelle-incorporated αMß2 TMcyto. Among the proteins found to preferentially bind clasped rather than the isolated αM and ß2 subunits was L-plastin (LCP1, also known as plastin-2), which binds to and maintains the inactive state of αMß2 integrin in vivo and thereby regulates leukocyte adhesion to integrin ligands under flow. Our findings offer a global view on cytoplasmic proteins interacting with different integrins and provide evidence for the existence of conformation-specific integrin interactors.
Subject(s)
Cell Adhesion/physiology , Leukocytes/cytology , Leukocytes/metabolism , Macrophage-1 Antigen/metabolism , Microfilament Proteins/metabolism , Animals , Cell Membrane/metabolism , Cytoplasm/metabolism , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Protein Binding , Protein Conformation , RAW 264.7 CellsABSTRACT
CDC14 is an essential dual-specificity phosphatase that counteracts CDK1 activity during anaphase to promote mitotic exit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Surprisingly, human CDC14A is not essential for cell cycle progression. Instead, it regulates cell migration and cell adhesion. Little is known about the substrates of hCDC14A and the counteracting kinases. Here, we combine phospho-proteome profiling and proximity-dependent biotin identification to identify hCDC14A substrates. Among these targets were actin regulators, including the tumor suppressor eplin. hCDC14A counteracts EGF-induced rearrangements of actin cytoskeleton by dephosphorylating eplin at two known extracellular signal-regulated kinase sites, serine 362 and 604. hCDC14APD and eplin knockout cell lines exhibited down-regulation of E-cadherin and a reduction in α/ß-catenin at cell-cell adhesions. Reduction in the levels of hCDC14A and eplin mRNA is frequently associated with colorectal carcinoma and is correlated with poor prognosis. We therefore propose that eplin dephosphorylation by hCDC14A reduces actin dynamics to restrict tumor malignancy.