ABSTRACT
Ectoparasites are important to the one health concept because their parasitism can result in the transmission of pathogens, allergic reactions, the release of toxins, morbidity, and even death of the host. Ectoparasites can affect host physiology, as reflected in immune defenses and body condition as well as hematological and biochemical parameters. Thus, evidence that ectoparasites influence host hematological parameters was systematically reviewed, and the methodological quality of these studies was analyzed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed, and the studies included were limited to those that evaluated changes in hematological tests in ectoparasite-infested and non-infested animals, and bias and methodological quality were evaluated using the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments guideline. Thirty-four studies were selected and information about the host, ectoparasite infestation, blood collection, and analysis was collected and compared whenever possible. In this review, the presence of ectoparasites influenced both the red series and the white series of hematological parameters. Among the main parameters analyzed, hematocrit, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and lymphocytes showed reductions, probably due to ectoparasite blood-feeding, while including eosinophils, neutrophils, and basophils increased in infested animals due to the host immune response. However, methodologic improvements are needed to reduce the risk of bias, enhance the reproducibility of such studies, and ensure results aligned with the mechanisms that act in the ectoparasite-host relationship.
Subject(s)
Ectoparasitic Infestations , Animals , Reproducibility of Results , Ectoparasitic Infestations/veterinary , Ectoparasitic Infestations/parasitologyABSTRACT
Fungos nematófagos têm sido considerados como uma alternativa promissora para o controle biológico de nematóidesgastrintestinais de ruminantes, dentre eles o gênero Monacrosporium. Dois isolados de fungos predadores de nematóides, M.sinense SF 470 e M. appendiculatum CGI foram testados quanto a capacidade de passagem através do trato gastrintestinal decaprinos sem perda da capacidade predatória sobre larvas infectantes(L3) de Haemonchus contortus de caprinos. Trêscaprinos da raça Saneen, de quatro meses de idade e do sexo masculino, foram inoculados com 5000 L3 de H. contortus. Cemgramas de pellets contendo os isolados fúngicos M. sinense SF 470 e M. appendiculatum CGI foram administrados a doisanimais, por via oral, em separado. O controle foi constituído por um animal que recebeu 100 gramas de pellets sem apresença de isolados fúngicos. Amostras fecais foram coletadas às 12, 18, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas após os tratamentos e foramalocadas em placas de Petri e coproculturas e incubadas a 25ºC, por 15 dias. Houve redução significativa (p 0,05) no númerode larvas recuperadas após os tratamentos dos animais com os isolados fúngicos em relação ao animal controle, que foiaproximadamente de 60%. De acordo com os resultados, pode-se afirmar a viabilidade dos fungos M. sinense e M.appendiculatum na passagem pelo trato gastrintestinal de caprinos sem perda de capacidade em predar L3 de
