ABSTRACT
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.841821.].
ABSTRACT
The radionuclide isotopes (134Cs and 137Cs) of Cesium (Cs), an alkali metal, are attracting attention as major causes of radioactive contamination. Although Cs+ is harmful to the growth of plants and bacteria, alkaliphilic bacterium Microbacterium sp. TS-1, isolated from a jumping spider, showed growth even in the presence of 1.2 M CsCl. The maximum concentration of Cs+ that microorganisms can withstand has been reported to be 700 mM till date, suggesting that the strain TS-1 is resistant to a high concentration of Cs ions. Multiple reports of cesium ion-resistant bacteria have been reported, but the detailed mechanism has not yet been elucidated. We obtained Cs ion-sensitive mutants and their revertant mutants from strain TS-1 and identified a Cs ion resistance-related gene, MTS1_00475, by performing SNP analysis of the whole-genome sequence data. When exposed to more than 200 mM Cs+ concentration, the intracellular Cs+ concentration was constantly lowered by MTS1_00475, which encodes the novel low-affinity Cs+/H+ antiporter. This study is the first to clarify the mechanism of cesium resistance in unexplained cesium-resistant microorganisms. By clarifying the new cesium resistance mechanism, it can be expected to be used as a bioremediation tool for treating radioactive Cs+ contaminated water.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of perioperative administration of an isotonic electrolyte solution with 1% glucose (IT) on blood sodium (Na+) and blood glucose (BG) concentrations in pediatric patients < 1-year-old undergoing plastic surgery in comparison with a conventional hypotonic electrolyte solution with 2.6% glucose (HT). METHODS: Fifty Patients were randomly allocated to HT group and IT group. Na+ and BG were measured at induction of anesthesia (Tind), the end of surgery (Tend), and 4 hours after surgery (T4h). RESULTS: Patient characteristics were similar for the 2 groups. In the HT group, Na+ at Tend insignificantly dropped compared with that at Tind, whereas in the IT group Na+ was significantly elevated. Na+ at T4h significantly increased compared with that at Tend in each group. No cases developed new dysnatremia or dysglycemia in IT group. The incidence of hyponatremia at Tend was significantly lower in the IT group. A positive correlation between intraoperative Na+ concentration changes and the infusion duration was observed in the IT group. CONCLUSIONS: Isotonic solution with 1% glucose is suggested to be safe in infants during and after surgery.
Subject(s)
Fluid Therapy , Perioperative Care/methods , Electrolytes , Female , Humans , Hypotonic Solutions , Infant , Isotonic Solutions , Male , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Motivated by the reported biological activity of 9-(beta-D-xylofuranosyl)adenine (xylo-A), the synthesis of its 4'-alkoxy analogues was carried out. METHODS: The starting material 9-(3-deoxy-beta-D-glycero-pento-3-enofuranosyl)adenine (1) was prepared from adenosine. Compound 1 was converted to the 2',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl) derivative (2) and then to the N(6)-pivaloyl derivative (3). When 3 was reacted with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid in the presence of a series of alcohols, the beta-D-isomer of the respective 4'-alkoxy derivative was obtained exclusively in high yield. Deprotection of these products led to the isolation of the desired 4'alkoxy analogues (8a-l) of xylo-A. RESULTS: Antiviral evaluation revealed that none of these analogues showed inhibitory activity against a wide variety of DNA and RNA viruses. CONCLUSIONS: We assume that conformational difference of the sugar moiety of 8a-l from that of xylo-A could be attributable to their inactivity.
