Parkinson disease-related cortical and striatal cognitive patterns in dual time F-18 FP CIT: evidence for neural correlates between the caudate and the frontal lobe.

BACKGROUND: Using dual time F-18 FP-CIT, we evaluated cortical perfusion, striatal binding and neuropsychological performance simultaneously in Parkinson disease (PD) with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI), to investigate neural correlates between caudate and frontal cortex. METHODS: According to the neuropsychological scores, subjects were classified into 26 healthy controls (HC), 38 PD-MCI (executive) (PE), 24 PD-MCI (non-executive) (PN) and 21 PD (motor) (PM). Scans were acquired at 10 minutes and 2 hours. Group differences of early perfusion and delayed binding were compared using SPM and volume of interest method. The relationships between neuropsychological variables and the striatal binding were investigated with correlation and regression analysis. RESULTS: Compared with PM, PE showed decreased prefrontal perfusion and binding of both caudates (right: P=0.0010, left: P=0.014), but not of both putamens. Compared with PN, PE showed decreased binding of both caudates (right: P=0.001, left: P=0.005), but not in both putamens. Binding of both caudates correlated with the Stroop z-score, but not of both putamens. Executive score was a contributing factor to binding of the caudate, and not the putamen. CONCLUSIONS: PE showed decreased prefrontal perfusion and caudate binding, supporting neural correlates between the caudate and the prefrontal cortex. Dopaminergic binding of the caudate, but not of the putamen, was related to executive scores. Caudate hypofunction was specific to executive domain. This is the first study that elucidated the clinical use of dual time F-18 FP-CIT for integrative evaluation of cognitive and motor function in PD.

Sodium/iodide symporter expression in primary lung cancer and comparison with glucose transporter 1 expression.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) and glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) in 139 primary lung cancers on immunohistochemistry, and to determine the diagnostic utility of NIS as an imaging reporter. Immunoreactivity for NIS and Glut1 was noted in 75 (54.0%) and 72 (51.8%) of the 139 cases, respectively. Analysis of NIS expression on Western blot confirmed the immunohistochemistry. NIS expression was significantly higher in the adenocarcinomas than in the other carcinomas, and Glut1 expression was significantly higher in the squamous cell carcinomas than in the other carcinomas (each P < 0.0001). The frequency of NIS expression in those carcinomas lacking Glut1 expression was significantly higher than in those with Glut1 expression (P = 0.012). Among 64 adenocarcinomas, the frequency of the NIS(+)/Glut1(-) phenotype was 61.0%, which was the most frequent expression pattern. By studying the expression pattern of NIS in lung cancer, the present paper provides a helpful foundation for examining the potential utility of NIS-mediated radioiodide as an alternative diagnostic modality, especially for the management of patients with lung adenocarcinoma lacking Glut1 expression.