Investigation on the contaminate of hand washing activities on the surface of environmental objects in intensive care unit.

To detect the contaminate of faucets in hospitals and the splash during hand washing, and to explore the reasonable layout of hand washing pools. Two faucets with roughly the same spatial layout in the ICU of a third-class first-class general hospital were selected, and the farthest splashing distance and specific splashing points were measured by color paper. Samples were detected by ATP detection technology and routine microbial detection method, and the contaminate of faucets was analyzed. After 72 h of daily hand-washing activities, the furthest distance to the splash point was about 100 cm around the faucet, and the place 40-110 cm around the faucet was contaminated seriously. The farthest distance that the splash point reached was about 80 cm around the faucet with the center of the circle, and the area 40-60 cm around the faucet was heavily contaminated. The distance from the water outlet of the long handle and the short handle faucet to the detection point had a high negative correlation (r = - 0.811, P < 0.001) and a moderate negative correlation (r = - 0.475, P = 0.001) with the number of splash points, respectively. The qualified rates of ATP detection and microbial culture were 25% and 15%, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and other pathogenic bacteria were detected in the water outlet of the faucet and the surrounding environment. Safe hand hygiene facilities are one of the important guarantees of hand hygiene effect. Clean objects and objects related to patients should not be placed within 1 m range near the water outlet of faucet. Anti-splash baffle should be installed as much as possible when conditions permit to reduce the contaminate caused by splash during hand washing.

Association of CYP2C19 and UGT1A4 polymorphisms with voriconazole-induced liver injury.

Aim: This study investigated the association between voriconazole-induced liver injury and gene polymorphisms of CYP2C19 and UGT1A4. Materials & methods: Thirty-eight adult patients who received voriconazole therapy were included in the study. Genotype of CYP2C19 was detected using gene chip hybrid analysis. The UGT1A4 142T>G was genotyped using PCR-RFLP analysis. Results: Ten patients (26.3%) had voriconazole-induced liver injury and were considered as the case group There was no significant difference between the two groups in genotype and allele frequencies of CYP2C19*2 and UGT1A4 142T>G (p > 0.05), however, the GA frequency of CYP2C19 *3 in the drug-induced liver injury case group was higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Compared with patients carrying *1/*1 or *1/*2, there was no significant difference in voriconazole trough concentration of the patients with *1/*3 (p > 0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between voriconazole-induced liver injury and gene polymorphisms of CYP2C19 and UGT1A4.