ABSTRACT
The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) has a well-developed innate immune system. To gain a better understanding of the defense mechanisms involved in this system, we studied tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs), which play important roles in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway. We characterized the full-length open reading frames and protein structures of TRAF3 and TRAF6 to determine their identities, and conducted phylogenetic analysis to determine their evolutionary relationships. To assess the roles of TRAFs in innate immune responses in the large yellow croaker, we performed quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) to characterize expression profiles in a range of tissues at different stages after challenge with polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and Vibrio anguillarum. Following poly I:C challenge, the expression levels of TRAF3 and TRAF6 were highest in the kidneys and lowest in the spleen, whereas after infection with V. anguillarum, TRAF6 expression was the highest in the kidneys and lowest in the liver.
Subject(s)
Fish Diseases/immunology , Gene Expression Regulation/immunology , Immunity, Innate/genetics , Perciformes/genetics , TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3/genetics , TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Base Sequence , Fish Proteins/chemistry , Fish Proteins/genetics , Fish Proteins/immunology , Gene Expression Profiling/veterinary , Perciformes/immunology , Phylogeny , Sequence Alignment/veterinary , TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3/chemistry , TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3/immunology , TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6/chemistry , TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6/immunologyABSTRACT
Loliginidae includes many economically important species in trophic systems worldwide. Here, we investigated genetic relationships and diversity in this family. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses revealed considerable variations between mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene and cytochrome coxidase subunit I gene among nine Loliginid species. We identified three similar non-coding regions in eight Loliginid species, but not in Sepioteuthislessoniana. We detected a single extended termination-associated sequence and three conserved sequence blocks among these eight species. Our results suggest that Loliginidae forms a major lineage, with S. lessoniana located at the most basal position and forming an individual clade as sister to the remaining species. Loligobeka, Loliolusjaponica, Loliolusuyii, Loligochinensis, Loligoedulis, Loligoduvauceli, Loligobleekeri, and Loligoopalescensare clustered into a monophyletic group. We identified repetitive elements and repeat numbers in the control regions.
Subject(s)
DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Decapodiformes/genetics , Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics , Genes, Mitochondrial , Genetic Variation , Mitochondria/genetics , Phylogeny , Animals , Decapodiformes/classification , Evolution, Molecular , Genome, Mitochondrial , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidABSTRACT
The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) has a well-developed innate immune system. We studied a component of this system, chemokine receptor CXCR family. In this study, we report the full-length open reading frames, as well as the identification and characterization of the chemokine receptor genes CXCR2 (LycCXCR2), CXCR3 (LycCXCR3), and CXCR4 (LycCXCR4) of large yellow croaker. We report that LycCXCR3 and LycCXCR4 are evolving neutrally according to PAML analyses. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that CXCR transcripts were expressed in all examined tissues. The expression of chemokine receptors LycCXCR2, LycCXCR3, and LycCXCR4 was elevated in the kidney, spleen, and particularly the liver of the large yellow croaker after challenge with Vibrio anguillarum and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). These results suggest that LycCXCR2, LycCXCR3, and LycCXCR4 may be important immune-related genes, playing crucial roles in immune defence against bacterial infection.
Subject(s)
Fish Diseases/immunology , Gene Expression Regulation/immunology , Immunity, Innate/genetics , Perciformes/genetics , Perciformes/immunology , Receptors, Chemokine/genetics , Vibrio Infections/immunology , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Base Sequence , Fish Proteins/chemistry , Fish Proteins/genetics , Fish Proteins/immunology , Gene Expression Profiling/veterinary , Phylogeny , Poly I-C/pharmacology , Receptors, CXCR3/chemistry , Receptors, CXCR3/genetics , Receptors, CXCR3/immunology , Receptors, CXCR4/chemistry , Receptors, CXCR4/genetics , Receptors, CXCR4/immunology , Receptors, Chemokine/chemistry , Receptors, Chemokine/immunology , Receptors, Interleukin-8B/chemistry , Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics , Receptors, Interleukin-8B/immunology , Sequence Alignment/veterinary , Vibrio/physiologyABSTRACT
In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of Loligo japonica. The genome was 17,232 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 3 main non-coding regions. The overall base composition of L. japonica is A 39.60%, C 18.22%, T33.38% and G 8.80%, with a highly A + T bias of 72.98%. All of the three control regions (CR) contain termination-associated sequences and conserved sequence blocks. Here, we describe a phylogenetic analysis of 11 species Cephalopoda based on the complete mitochondrial genome, and the result showed that the Loligo Beka and Loligo uyii are most closely related to L. japonica. This mitogenome sequence data would play an important role in the investigation of phylogenetic relationship, taxonomic resolution and phylogeography of the Cephalopoda.
ABSTRACT
In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of Loligo chinensis. The genome was 17,353 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 3 main non-coding regions. The overall base composition of L. chinensis is A 38.62%, C 19.40%, T32.37% and G 9.61%, with a highly A + T bias of 70.99%. All of the three control regions (CR) contain termination-associated sequences and conserved sequence blocks. Here, we describe a phylogenetic analysis of 11 species Cephalopoda based on the complete mitochondrial genome; the result showed that the Loligo edulis is most closely related to L. chinensis. This mitogenome sequence data would play an important role in the investigation of phylogenetic relationship, taxonomic resolution and phylogeography of the Cephalopoda.
