ABSTRACT
Human microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is an emerging drug target for inflammatory disorders and cancer suppression. Therefore, it is crucially important to discover mPGES-1 inhibitors with novel structural scaffolds for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs. Here, we report the mPGES-1 inhibitors identified through screening of a chemical library. Initial screening of 1841 compounds out of 200,000 in a master library resulted in 9 primary hits. From the master library, 387 compounds that share the scaffold structure with the 9 primary hit compounds were selected, of which 3 compounds showed strong inhibitory activity against mPGES-1 having IC(50) values of 1-3 µM. Notably, a derivative of sulfonylhydrazide, compound 3b, inhibited the LPS-induced PGE(2) production in RAW 264.7 cells. This compound showed novel scaffold structure compared to the known inhibitors of mPGES-1, suggesting that it could be further developed as a potent mPGES-1 inhibitor.
Subject(s)
Enzyme Inhibitors/analysis , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , High-Throughput Screening Assays , Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors , Small Molecule Libraries/analysis , Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology , Animals , Binding Sites/drug effects , Cell Line , Dinoprostone/antagonists & inhibitors , Dinoprostone/biosynthesis , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Humans , Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides/antagonists & inhibitors , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Mice , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Prostaglandin-E Synthases , Small Molecule Libraries/chemistry , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
The methanol extract of Sophora flavescens showed a potent glycosidase inhibitory activity. Active components were identified as well-known flavonoid antioxidants: kushenol A (1), (-)-kurarinone (2), sophoraflavanone G (3), 2'-methoxykurarinone (4), kurarinol (5), 8-prenylkaempferol (6), isoxanthohumol (7), kuraridin (8) and maackian (9). All flavonoids were effective inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase and beta-amylase. Interestingly, lavandulylated flavanones 1-5 had strong alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities, with IC(50) values of 45 microM, 68 microM, 37 microM, 155 microM and 179 microM, respectively. Kushenol A (1) which does not bear a 4'-hydroxy group showed selective alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Lavandulylated chalcone, kuraridine (8), exhibited IC(50) value of 57 microM against beta-glucosidase, which is the first report of a chalcone displaying glycosidase inhibition. Results showed that 8-lavandulyl group in B-ring was a key factor of the glycosidase inhibitory activities. The inhibition pattern was noncompetitive for alpha-glucosidase, whereas mixed inhibition was observed for beta-amylase.
