Surface-structure tailoring of Dendritic PtCo nanowires for efficient oxygen reduction reaction.

Platinum-based alloy nanowire catalysts demonstrates great promise as electrocatalysts to facilitate the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, it is still challenge to further improve the Pt atom utilization of Pt based nanowires featuring inherent structural stability. Herein, a new structure of PtCo nanowire with nanodendrites was developed using CO-assistance solvent thermal method. The dendrite structure with an average length of about 7 nm are characterized by a Pt-rich surface and the high-index facets of {533}, {331} and {311}, and grows from the ultra-fine wire structure with an average diameter of about 3 nm. PtCo nanowires with nanodendrites developed in this work shows outstanding performance for ORR, in which its mass activity of 1.036 A/mgPt is 5.76 times, 1.74 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C (0.180 A/mgPt) and PtCo nanowires without nanodendrites (0.595 A/mgPt), and its mass activity loss is only 18% under the accelerated durability tests (ADTs) for 5k cycles. The significant improvement is attributed to high exposure of active sites induced by the dendrite structure with Pt-rich surface with the high-index facets and Pt-rich surface. This structure may provide a new idea for developing novel 1D Pt based electrocatalysts.

Rhombic dodecahedron nanoframes of PtIrCu with high-index faceted hyperbranched nanodendrites for efficient electrochemical ammonia oxidation via preferred NHx dimerization pathways.

Ammonia has been emerging as a sustainable and environmentally friendly fuel. However, direct electrochemical ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) in low-temperature fuel cells seriously suffers from high overpotential and deficient durability. Herein, rhombic dodecahedron nanoframe of platinum iridium copper (PtIrCu) with high-index faceted hyperbranched nanodendrites (RDNF-HNDs) was developed using a one-step self-etching solvothermal method. The framework structure with the high-index facets enables the PtIrCu nanocrystals to expose more effective active sites. They exhibit an ultra-low onset potential of 0.33 V vs. RHE and high mass activity of 26.1 A gPtIr-1 at 0.50 V, which is 140 mV lower and 7.5 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C in the AOR. In situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy verifies that AOR on PtIrCu RDNF-HNDs prefers to the NHx dimerization pathways, effectively alleviating the poison of Nads and NOx. The theoretical calculation also shows that both introducing Cu atoms into PtIr alloy and increasing the content of Ir in PtIrCu alloy can reduce the reaction energy barrier of electrochemical dehydrogenation from *NH2 to *NH. The specific structure of PtIrCu RDNF-NDs provides a new inspiration to solve the critical issue of electrocatalysts for AOR with low activity and durability.

Manual correction of genome annotation improved alternative splicing identification of Artemisia annua.

Gene annotation is essential for genome-based studies. However, algorithm-based genome annotation is difficult to fully and correctly reveal genomic information, especially for species with complex genomes. Artemisia annua L. is the only commercial resource of artemisinin production though the content of artemisinin is still to be improved. Genome-based genetic modification and breeding are useful strategies to boost artemisinin content and therefore, ensure the supply of artemisinin and reduce costs, but better gene annotation is urgently needed. In this study, we manually corrected the newly released genome annotation of A. annua using second- and third-generation transcriptome data. We found that incorrect gene information may lead to differences in structural, functional, and expression levels compared to the original expectations. We also identified alternative splicing events and found that genome annotation information impacted identifying alternative splicing genes. We further demonstrated that genome annotation information and alternative splicing could affect gene expression estimation and gene function prediction. Finally, we provided a valuable version of A. annua genome annotation and demonstrated the importance of gene annotation in future research.

Highly stable cathodes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Novel carbon supported Au@PtNiAu concave octahedral core-shell nanocatalyst.

Despite the remarkable research efforts, the lack of ideal activity and state-of-the-art electrocatalysts remains a substantial challenge for the global application of fuel cell technology. Herein, is reported the synthesis of Au@PtNiAu concave octahedral core-shell nanocatalysts (Au@PtNiAu-COCS) via solvothermal synthesis modification and optimization approach. The special structure generating a large number of step atoms, enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) activity and stability. The superior ORR mass activity of the Au@PtNiAu-COCS is 11.22 times than the exhibited of Pt/C initially by Pt loading, and 5.11 times by Pt + Au loading. After 30 k cycles the mass activity remains 78.8% (8.83 times the initial Pt/C activity) and the half-wave potential only shifts 12 mV. Au@PtNiAu-COCS has superior half-cell activity and gives ideal membrane electrode assemblies. Furthermore, for MOR the Au@PtNiAu-COCS show enhanced anti-toxic (tolerant) ability in CO. This work provides a new strategy to develop core-shell structure nanomaterials for electrocatalysis.

Designing highly efficient 3D porous Ni-Fe sulfide nanosheets based catalyst for the overall water splitting through component regulation.

Constructing efficient and stable bifunctional catalysts is essential to improve the conversion efficiency of overall water splitting (OWS). In this work, 3D porous Ni-Fe sulfide nanosheets supported on nickel foam (Ni-Fe-S/NF) were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The optimized Ni3S2-FeS/NF-2 electrode realized ultra-high efficiency for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Benefiting from the unique 3D porous nanosheets structure and the strong electronic interactions between Ni3S2 and FeS through component regulation, low overpotentials of 253 and 262 mV are required to drive a current density of 100 mA cm-2 for OER and HER, respectively. Importantly, Ni3S2-FeS/NF-2 bifunctional catalyst only needs 1.55 and 1.75 V at 10 and 100 mA cm-2 respectively and works continuously for at least 100 h. The work thus provides an extraordinary promising catalyst for OWS and can be envisioned of potential for large-scale applications.

Hollow porous carbon spheres for high initial coulombic efficiency and low-potential sodium ion storage.

It is critical to develop carbon material anodes with high initial Coulombic efficiency and energy density for sodium ion batteries. Herein, a novel mushroom spore with chitin as carbon precursor is first reported for energy storage, and its special porous spherical structure, fine structure and oxygen functional groups can be accurately controlled by carbonization temperature. The hollow porous carbon spheres obtained from mushroom spore at 1400 °C have appropriate porous structure, d002 spacing (0.364 nm), 7.12% oxygen content and ultra-low specific surface area of 5.5 m2 g-1. It could obtain 81.2% initial Coulombic efficiency and has reversible discharge capacity of 411.1 mA h g-1, wherein about 75% (308 mA h g-1) of its total capacity is derived from low-potential plateau (below 0.1 V Na+/Na), and the capacity is 384.5 mA h g-1 after 50 cycles. Furthermore, Density functional theory calculation showed that the residual oxygen functional groups (CO) in carbon materials are beneficial to sodium into graphite-like layers, and graphite-like layers spacing is smaller than the reported unadulterated carbon with 0.37 nm. Therefore, the excellent electrochemical performance and low-cost of natural mushroom spore derived hollow porous carbon spheres provide advantages for sodium ion batteries in large-scale storage devices.

Hyperbranched concave octahedron of PtIrCu nanocrystals with high-index facets for efficiently electrochemical ammonia oxidation reaction.

Ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) via electrocatalysis is one of the most efficient ways of utilizing ammonia (a zero-carbon fuel with high hydrogen content) for renewable energy systems. However, AOR seriously suffers from the slow kinetics, and low durability due to its multi-electron transfer process and the poison of the reaction intermediates (Nads and NOads) to precious metal catalysts. Herein, hyperbranched concave octahedral nanodendrites of PtIrCu (HCOND) with high-index facets of {553}, {331} and {221} were developed for the first time using a solvothermal method. The HCOND possesses PtIr-rich edges and exhibit highly efficient AOR activity and stability in alkaline media, wherein their onset potential is 0.35 V vs.RHE, which is 60 mV and 160 mV lower than that of the PtIrCu nanoparticles (NPs) (0.41 V) and commercial Pt/C (0.51 V), respectively, and its high mass activity of 40.6 A gPtIr-1 at the 0.5 V vs.RHE is 10.3 times, 2.34 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C (3.9 A gPt-1) and PtIrCu NPs (17.3 A gPtIr-1), respectively. In addition, its peak current density (122.9 A gPtIr-1) is only reduced by 17.7% after 2000-cycles accelerated durability test. Meanwhile, the performance of PtIrCu HCOND is also better than that of other previously reported morphologies of Pt based catalysts (eg. nanoparticles, nanocubes, nanofilm, nanoflowers). The improvement is critically ascribed to unique advantages of the specific HCOND structure including PtIr rich surface, high-index faceted nanodendrites, strong lattice strain and electronic effects. These characteristics endow the HCOND with great promise to reduce Pt and Ir loading dramatically in the practical application of direct ammonia fuel cells.

Treatment of Sepsis with Chinese Medicine： A Review Based on NF-κB Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Sepsis， a common critical disease in the intensive care unit（ICU）， features high morbidity and mortality. At present， it is mainly tackled with western medicine， which may trigger a series of problems like antibiotic resistance， adverse hormonal reactions， and high cost after a long-term use. Therefore， exploring new efficient， safe， and cheap drugs and treatment modes has become the focus of our research at this stage. By virtue of unique advantages including "the concept of holism and individualized treatment based on syndrome differentiation"， Chinese medicine has accumulated quite rich experience in the prevention and treatment of sepsis. In recent years， research on the regulation of Chinese medicine on nuclear transcription factor-κB（NF-κB） signaling pathway in sepsis has kept emerging. On this basis， this paper reviewed the etiology and pathogenesis of sepsis， syndrome differentiation and treatment， NF-κB signaling pathway， and its intervention with Chinese medicine. It has been found that some single Chinese herbs and their extracts， Chinese herbal compounds， and Chinese herbal injections effectively inhibit the expression of such inflammatory factors as NF-κB-mediated tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）， interleukin-1（IL-1）， and IL-6 as well as the related proteins， reduce the systemic inflammatory response and organ injury， and improve the prognosis by regulating the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and the immune function of macrophages. However， due to the limitations of objective conditions， some studies also have the problems of fuzzy pro-inflammatory anti-inflammatory balance mechanism， unclear pharmacokinetics and low drug safety evaluation， which need to be further studied and explored in order to provide a new theoretical basis and diagnosis and treatment thinking for the treatment of sepsis with traditional Chinese medicine.

Value of peripheral blood eosinophils in predicting the therapeutic effect of sublingual specific immunotherapy in patients with allergic rhinitis / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the value of peripheral blood eosinophils (EOS) in predicting the therapeutic effect of sublingual specific immunotherapy (SLIT) in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).Methods:From January 2018 to June 2020, 200 patients with AR who received SLIT in Dongguan Kanghua Hospital were evaluated for their symptoms before treatment and 6 months after treatment. The curative effect was evaluated according to the improvement of the total symptom score. The number of eosinophils, percentage of eosinophils in peripheral blood were measured before treatment. The correlation between curative effect and EOS count and EOS percentage was analyzed and the value of these two indicators in predicting the efficacy of SLIT was evaluated.Results:Of the 200 AR patients, 178 patients were confirmed to have completed the treatment course of 6months. 126 effective and 52 ineffective, the effective rates were 70.8%. There was a weak correlation between the number of EOS in peripheral blood and the percentage of EOS in peripheral blood before treatment and the efficacy of SLIT ( r=0.168, P=0.048; r=0.250, P=0.001). The area under the curve of peripheral blood EOS count was 0.380, and the percentage of peripheral blood EOS was 0.355, which were all less than 0.5. Conclusions:There was no significant correlation between the number of peripheral blood EOS count and peripheral blood EOS percentage and the efficacy of SLIT , therefore, both of blood EOS count and blood EOS percentage have no value in predicting the efficacy of SLIT.

Prevalence and risk factors of renal function decline in elderly people in a community in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective:To determine the prevalence of renal function decline in the elderly population in a community and risk factors. Methods:Data in the physical examination of the elderly population aged over 60 years old in a community in 2018 were collected and analyzed. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated by modified modification of diet in renal disease （MDRD） formula. Association between renal function decline and risk factors were determined. Results:Among the 9 626 elderly people， the prevalence of renal function decline was 10.71%， which increased with age. Multivariate logistic regression showed that men， age， anemia， abnormal uric acid， hypertension， hyperlipidemia， diabetes， glutamine transaminase， and the history of stroke were the independent risk factors associated with renal function decline. Conclusion:The prevalence of renal function decline in elderly people in a community in Shanghai is relatively high. It is necessary to pay attention to early screening and take effective preventive measures， such as health education， scientific exercise and reasonable diet， chronic disease management and other measures.

Correlation between Laryngopharyngeal Reflux and Secretory Otitis Media in Adults / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To study the correlation between laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and secretory otitis media (SOM).Methods A total of 294 adult patients with reflux-related symptoms were recruited in this study.The patients were evaluated with reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS).Tympanometry was conducted to all the patients.The 54 patients with the otitis media effusion with type B tympanograms were tested by auripuncture.Results Among the 294 patients,168 cases showed RSI＜13,in which 128 cases,31 cases and 9 cases had type A,type C,and type B tympanograms,respectively.The other 126 patients showed RSI＞13 in which 52 cases,29 cases and 45 cases had type A,type C,and type B tympanograms,respectively.Among the 294 patiems,172 patients showed RFS＜7,in which 131,32 and 9 cases had type A,type C,and type B tympanograms,respectively.The left 122 patients showed RFS＞7,in which 49,28 and 45 cases had type A,type C,and type B tympanograms,respectively.The ratio of type B tympanograms in the patients with RSI＞13 and RFS＞7 were both significantly higher than those in the patients with RSI＜13 and RFS＜7 (P＜0.05).The RSI scores of patients with type A,C,and B tympanogram were 8.6± 3.8,15.9±7.5,and 23.9±8.6,respectively,and the RFS score were 5.6±2.6,9.6±4.7,and 15.3±6.6,respectively.Compared with type A and C,the patients with type B tympanogram had significantly higher RSI and RFS score (P＜ 0.05).Among the 54 patients of type B tympanograms,those with RSI＜13 were found to have serous fluid,grume fluid,glue fluid as in 6 cases,2 cases,and 1 case,while the patient of the RSI＞ 13 had serous fluid,grume fluid,glue fluid in 13 cases,23 cases,and 9 cases,respectively.The otitis media effusion of the patients with the RSI＜13 were mainly serous,while those with the RSI＞13 were mainly sticky.Conclusion The correlation between LPR and SOM was significant.LPRmay accelerate the progress of SOM.

Clinical Observations on Knife Needle Microinvasive Operation for Cervical Spondylotic Arteriopathy / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of knife needle microinvasive operation for cervical spondylotic arteriopathy. Method Sixty patients with cervical spondylotic arteriopathy were randomized, in order of admission times, to observation and control groups, 30 cases each. The observation group received three-step knife needle microinvasive operation and the control group, single suboccipital deltoid muscle lysis. The therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups of patients. Result In the two groups of patients the score changed significantly at the end of and three months after treatment compared with before and had a tendency towards gradual increase (P<0.05). The score difference values between pre-treatment and post-treatment and between post-treatment and three-month follow-up were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). Repeated measurement analysis integrogram showed significant differences in the scores between the two groups. The total efficacy rate was significantly higher in the observation group (96.7%) than in the control group (76.7%) (P<0.05). Conclusion Knife needle microinvasive operation has clinically a marked therapeutic effect on cervical spondylotic arteriopathy.

Edaravone enhances the viability of ischemia/reperfusion flaps.

The purpose of the experiment was to study the efficacy of edaravone in enhancing flap viability after ischemia/reperfusion (IR) and its mechanism. Forty-eight adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (n=16), IR group (n=16), and edaravone-treated IR group (n=16). An island flap at left lower abdomen (6.0 cm×3.0 cm in size), fed by the superficial epigastric artery and vein, was created in each rat of all the three groups. The arterial blood flow of flaps in IR group and edaravone-treated IR group was blocked for 10 h, and then the blood perfusion was restored. From 15 min before reperfusion, rats in the edaravone-treated IR group were intraperitoneally injected with edaravone (10 mg/kg), once every 12 h, for 3 days. Rats in the IR group and control group were intraperitoneally injected with saline, with the same method and frequency as the rats in the edaravone-treated IR group. In IR group and edaravone-treated IR group, samples of flaps were harvested after reperfusion of the flaps for 24 h. In the control group, samples of flaps were harvested 34 h after creation of the flaps. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined, and changes in organizational structure and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, apoptotic cells of vascular wall were marked by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and the apoptotic rate of cells in vascular wall was calculated. The ultrastructural changes of vascular endothelial cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Seven days after the operation, we calculated the flap viability of each group, and marked vessels of flaps by immunohistochemical staining for calculating the average number of subcutaneous vessels. The results showed that the content of MDA, the number of multicore inflammatory cells and apoptotic rate of cells in vascular wall in the edaravone-treated IR group were significantly lower than those in the IR group. The activity of SOD, flap viability and average number of subcutaneous vessels in the edaravone-treated IR group were significantly higher than those in the IR group. All the differences were statistically significant. The ultrastructure injury of vascular endothelial cells in the edaravone-treated IR group was slighter than that in IR group. It was concluded that edaravone can significantly enhance IR flap viability and protect flap vessels, which is related to scavenging oxygen free radicals, reducing the consumption of SOD, reducing the extent of lipid peroxidation and inflammation, and protecting functional structure of vessels in the early stages of reperfusion.

Edaravone Enhances the Viability of Ischemia/reperfusion Flaps / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The purpose of the experiment was to study the efficacy of edaravone in enhancing flap viability after ischemia/reperfusion (IR) and its mechanism.Forty-eight adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group (n=16),IR group (n=16),and edaravone-treated IR group (n=16).An island flap at left lower abdomen (6.0 cm×3.0 cm in size),fed by the superficial epigastric artery and vein,was created in each rat of all the three groups.The arterial blood flow of flaps in IR group and edaravone-treated IR group was blocked for 10 h,and then the blood perfusion was restored.From 15 min before reperfusion,rats in the edaravone-treated IR group were intraperitoneally injected with edaravone (10 mg/kg),once every 12 h,for 3 days.Rats in the IR group and control group were intraperitoneally injected with saline,with the same method and frequency as the rats in the edaravone-treated IR group.In IR group and edaravone-treated IR group,samples of flaps were harvested after reperfusion of the flaps for 24 h.In the control group,samples of flaps were harvested 34 h after creation of the flaps.The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined,and changes in organizational structure and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining,apoptotic cells of vascular wall were marked by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay,and the apoptotic rate of cells in vascular wall was calculated.The ultrastructural changes of vascular endothelial cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Seven days after the operation,we calculated the flap viability of each group,and marked vessels of flaps by immunohistochemical staining for calculating the average number of subcutaneous vessels.The results showed that the content of MDA,the number ofmulticore inflammatory cells and apoptotic rate of cells in vascular wall in the edaravone-treated IR group were significantly lower than those in the IR group.The activity of SOD,flap viability and average number of subcutaneous vessels in the edaravone-treated IR group were significantly higher than those in the IR group.All the differences were statistically significant.The ultrastructure injury of vascular endothelial cells in the edaravone-treated IR group was slighter than that in IR group.It was concluded that edaravone can significantly enhance IR flap viability and protect flap vessels,which is related to scavenging oxygen free radicals,reducing the consumption of SOD,reducing the extent of lipid peroxidation and inflammation,and protecting functional structure of vessels in the early stages of reperfusion.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of a novel BRD4 protein inhibitors / 药学学报

Bromodomain-containing proteins (BCPs) can specifically recognize acetylated lysine (KAc) in histones and other substrate proteins. Recently, several kinase inhibitors were found to inhibit bromodomains, such as the PLK1 inhibitor BI-2536 and the JAK2 inhibitor TG101209, which bind to BRD4 with IC50 values of 25 nmol·L-1 and 130 nmol·L-1, respectively. To obtain potent BRD4 inhibitors from inhibitor BI-2536, we used dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one to replace the 7,8-dihydropteridin-6(5H)-one in BI2536. By exploring the structure-activity relationships of the new dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one structures, we obtained a novel phenyl side chain series of BRD4 inhibitors. We identified several potent BRD4 inhibitors, especially compounds 16, 22, 28 and 29, which had IC50 values below 100 nmol·L-1 in fluorescence anisotropy (FA) assays, indicating this series of compounds are worth to fruther investigation.

Rib Cartilage Assessment Relative to the Healthy Ear in Young Children with Microtia Guiding Operative Timing.

BACKGROUND: The optimal age at which to initiate for auricular reconstruction is controversial. Rib cartilage growth is closely related to age and determines the feasibility and outcomes of auricular reconstruction. We developed a method to guide the timing of auricular reconstruction in children with microtia ranging in age from 5 to 10 years. METHODS: Rib cartilage and the healthy ear were assessed using low-dose multi-slice computed tomography. The lengths of the eighth rib cartilage and the helix of the healthy ear (from the helical crus to the joint of the helix and the earlobe) were measured. Surgery was performed when the two lengths were approximately equal. RESULTS: The preoperative eighth rib measurements significantly correlated with the intraoperative measurements (P < 0.05). From 5 to 10 years of age, eighth rib growth was not linear. In 76 (62.8%) of 121 patients, the eighth rib length was approximately equal to the helix length in the healthy ear; satisfactory outcomes were achieved in these patients. In 18 (14.9%) patients, the eighth rib was slightly shorter than the helix, helix fabrication was accomplished by adjusting the length of the helical crus of stent, and satisfactory outcomes were also achieved. Acceptable outcomes were achieved in 17 (14.0%) patients in whom helix fabrication was accomplished by cartilage splicing. In 9 (7.4%) patients with insufficient rib cartilage length, the operation was delayed. In one (0.8%) patient with insufficient rib cartilage length, which left no cartilage for helix splicing, the result was unsatisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: Eighth rib cartilage growth is variable. Rib cartilage assessment relative to the healthy ear can guide auricular reconstruction and personalize treatment in young patients with microtia.

Establishment and evaluation of a novel mouse model of orthotopic colon cancer in the mesenteric triangle of the cecum / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of preparation of a mouse model of orthotopic colon cancer by injecting tumor cell suspension into mesenteric triangle of the cecum.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty SPF 8-week old BALB/c mice (male:female = 1:1) were used in this study. The mouse caecum was exposed by laparostomy, and suspension of mouse colon adenocarcinoma CT26. WT cells was injected into the mesenteric triangle of cecum for preparation of a mouse model of orthotopic colon cancer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mouse orthotopic colon cancer was developed by injection of tumor cell suspension into mesenteric triangle of the cecum showing a successful rate of 100%, without intestinal obstruction, and the liver, spleen, diaphragm and mesenteric lymph nodes metastasis rates were high in all the 20 experimental mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The establishment of mouse models of orthotopic colon cancer by injection of tumor cell suspension into the mesenteric triangle is a simple, rapid, and easy to master procedure, causing less damage to the colon wall, safe and with less trauma to the mice. This method may provide an ideal mouse model of orthotopic colon cancer for the study of pathogenesis as well as liver metastasis mechanisms of colon cancer.</p>

Progress in the study of small molecule inhibitors of HSP90 / 药学学报

HSP90, which is the biomarker of cell stress and endogenous protective protein, functions as a molecular chaperone. Many client proteins of HSP90, including EGFR, Met, Raf-1, IKK and p53, play important roles in the occurrence and development of tumor. Binding of HSP90 inhibitors triggers the deactivation of HSP90, resulting in client protein degradation, and hence inhibits the tumor growth by blocking multiple targets involved in signaling of tumor proliferation. This review summarizes recent development of small molecule inhibitors bound to N-terminal of HSP90.

[Auricular reconstruction for microtia with modified Nagata method].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate a method for total reconstruction of auricle. METHODS: 90 patients (101 ears) with congenital microtia underwent two-stage operations for auricular reconstruction. The first stage involved fabrication and grafting of autologous costal cartilage, removing the remnant ear cartilage, embedding the framework into local flap of the mastoid region, transferring the remnant ear lobule flap to link to the inferior framework. The second stage was creating an auriculocephalic sulcus. The reconstruction was performed 4 - 12 months after the first surgery. Skin incision was made 5 mm lateral side of the posterior margin of the auricle. The ear framework carrying a thick ear fascia was separated from the side of the head, the frames of the costal cartilage banked at the first operation were harvested, shaved and transplanted to the posterior wall of the concha with sutures; adjust stand position and angle, so that made the ear shape, position, axis, close to the healthy ear, and auriculocephalic angle was slightly larger than the contralateral ear. Two random flap was designed with superior on the root of the helix and in the inferior-posterior direction of the inferior mastoid area, two flapes were elevated and transplanted to posterior auricular sulcus to cover the grafted cartilage. Skin graft was performed in the remaining raw surface. RESULTS: A total of 90 patients were operated, all of 101 constructed ears achieved satisfied or near satisfied shapes. Five cases of partial skin flap necrosis were caused by pedicle impairment. Exposure of cartilage framework happened in two cases. The auriculocephalic sulcus of four cases diminished after the second stage operation. Three month to two-year follow-up of 67 patients showed that the reconstructed ears were satisfied with the results, including good shapes and steady auriculocephalic angles. CONCLUSIONS: The method is a simple, safe and reliable method for total aural reconstruction.

Isolation and diversity analyses of endophytic fungi from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis / 中国中药杂志

The paper is aimed at studying the diversity of endophytic fungi community from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, and to provide a scientific basis for the utilization value of the endophytic fungi as bioactive material resources. In the present study, endophytic fungi were isolated from roots, rhizomes and leaves of wild P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis collected from Baoshan, Heqing county and Songming city of Yunnan province, and identified and classified by morphological methods together with its ITS sequence analysis. Seven and forty-nine strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. They were identified belonging to 41 genus. In these 41 genus, 3 genus exist in root only, 12 genus only exist in rhizome and 8 genus only exist in leaf. There was difference in endophytic fungi isolated from different sample sites. Endophytic fungi diversity from rhizomes of Heqing site was the highest. Endophytic fungi similarity coefficient was low among different sites and tissues. Based on these results, it is reasonable to propose that endophytic fungi of P. polyphylla var. yannanensis from different tissue and different sample sites has a certain difference which is possibly relate to their different habitats, different structure and composition of each tissue.