Global epidemiology of alcohol-associated liver disease in adolescents and young adults.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The objective of the study was to analyse the prevalence, incidence, and death of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) among adolescents and young adults globally, continentally, and nationally, focusing on trends over time. METHODS: The study analysed data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study between 2000 and 2019. It examined ALD's prevalence, incidence, and death in adolescents and young adults aged 15-29, segmented by region, nation, and sociodemographic index. The analysis utilised Joinpoint regression modelling to calculate the annual per cent change (APC) in the rate of these parameters over time. RESULTS: In 2019, there were 281,450 ALD prevalences, 18,930 incidences, and 3190 deaths among adolescents and young adults globally. From 2000 to 2019, the age-adjusted prevalence rate per 100,000 increased in the 25-29 age group (APC: +0.6%, p = 0.003), remained stable among ages 20-24 (p = 0.302) and ages 15-19 (p = 0.160). Prevalence increased significantly from age 15-19 to 20-24 (19-fold increase) and from age 20-24 to 25-29 (2.5-fold increase). ALD prevalence rates increased in all age groups in adolescents and young adults in Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean region. Around three-quarters of countries and territories experienced an increase in ALD incidence rates in young adults. CONCLUSION: Over two decades, the burden of ALD among adolescents and young adults has increased globally. The study emphasises the importance of public health policies aimed at reducing alcohol consumption and preventing ALD among younger populations.

The Global Burden of Early-Onset Pancreatic Cancer and Its Risk Factors: A Perspective From Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

OBJECTIVES: Despite evidence of increased incidence of early-onset pancreatic cancer (EOPC), defined as pancreatic cancer diagnosed in patients below 50 years old, and its risk factors in the Western region, global epidemiological data addressing this issue is still lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with EOPC and its risk factors, including smoking, obesity, and diabetes. The analysis examined the annual percentage change (APC) over the period. RESULTS: In 2019, the incidence of EOPC surpassed 35,000 cases worldwide. This burden of EOPC tends to be more prevalent in males, as well as in Europe and high SDI countries. However, there is a noticeable upward trend in the burden of EOPC in the Eastern Mediterranean. While there is a global decline in EOPC mortality attributed to smoking (APC -0.33%), there is a concerning increase in mortality associated with diabetes (APC +2.84%) and obesity (APC +2.12%). CONCLUSIONS: The burden of EOPC has been increasing. The mortality is rising mainly from metabolic factors. There is an urgent need for national policy development for reducing the burden of this disease.

The Global Burden of Early-Onset Biliary Tract Cancer: Insight From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Backgrounds/objectives: The escalating incidence of early-onset gastrointestinal cancers is becoming a primary global health concern. Biliary tract cancer (BTC) has been relatively understudied in this regard. We conducted an epidemiological study regarding the burden of this condition. Methods: We utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 to investigate the temporal trends in early-onset BTC (EOBTC), encompassing the estimation of frequencies and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of EOBTC incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), from 2010 to 2019. Results: EOBTC constituted nearly 7%of all BTC cases worldwide. The incidence rates of EOBTC decreased significantly in most regions, except in the Eastern Mediterranean (annual percentage change +1.04 %), where the incidence is rising. Stratified by the sociodemographic index (SDI), countries with low middle SDI (annual percentage change +0.5 %) show increasing incidence of EOBTC. The ASR of death and DALYs decreased in most regions. The ASR of EOBTC-related death and disability attributable to high body mass index increased in most regions, with the highest increase in Southeast Asia and low, middle SDI strata. Conclusions: There was a reduction in the burden of EOBTC globally, except for Eastern Mediterranean countries and low-middle SDI countries.

Rising incidence and impact of early-onset colorectal cancer in the Asia-Pacific with higher mortality in females from Southeast Asia: a global burden analysis from 2010 to 2019.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) is a growing global health concern, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. However, comprehensive research on this topic from the region is lacking. Our study aims to investigate trends in early-onset CRC in Asia over 10 years, filling this research gap. METHODS: This study utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 to assess temporal trends in early-onset CRC in the Asia-Pacific. The analysis included estimating annual frequencies and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of early-onset CRC incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by gender. RESULTS: The incidence of early-onset CRC significantly increased in both regions with higher increase and in the Western Pacific region. Notable increases were observed among males in the Western Pacific and females in Southeast Asia (SEA). Mortality rates remained stable in the Western Pacific but increased by 10.6% in SEA, especially among females. DALYs due to CRC also increased significantly in SEA, with a greater rise among females. The Western Pacific had the highest CRC incidence, and in SEA, the mortality rate was higher in females than males. CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals a substantial increase in early-onset CRC in the Asia-Pacific underscoring the urgency for effective interventions. Thus, a comprehensive approach comprising controlled risk reduction, health promotion to heightened disease awareness, and implementation of effective screening strategies should be executed timely to mitigate the burden of early-onset CRC.

Global Epidemiology and Burden of Elderly-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Decade in Review.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), once thought to impact younger individuals, now manifests in approximately 10% of patients over 65, characterized by a heightened vulnerability to complications and greater diagnostic intricacies than conventional cases. However, comprehensive global epidemiological data regarding elderly-onset IBD are currently insufficient. Our study addresses this critical gap by analyzing trends in elderly-onset IBD over a decade, encompassing the estimation of annual frequencies and age-standardized rates of elderly-onset IBD burden for both genders, stratifying the data by geographical and sociodemographic factors. Our research highlights a notable increase in the proportion of elderly-onset IBD, constituting around 13% of all IBD cases. We observed a rising incidence in males, contrasted by a decreasing trend in females. The highest surge in incidence rates was seen in the Western Pacific region in both genders, but the highest burden was observed in America. Countries with high sociodemographic index (SDI) carried the greatest burden of elderly-onset IBD, while countries with low SDI had the least. The mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates trend downward in most regions. This study underscores an increasing incidence and proportion of IBD, particularly in elderly-onset IBD, particularly in males. While mortality and DALYs are decreasing in most regions, the overall burden remains highest in America and high-SDI countries. Effective public health interventions and comprehensive studies are required to tackle this mounting burden.