ABSTRACT
This study investigates the effects of dietary Aeromonas veronii V03 supplementation on growth performances, innate immunity, and expression of immune-related genes in lymphoid organs of Cyprinus carpio and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish were fed for 4 weeks with basal diet (BD; without probiotic), and experiment diet containing different doses of A. veronii V03 at 3.2 × 107 (DI) and 3.5 × 109 (DII) CFU g-1 of diet. At the end of the probiotic feeding trial, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila, and the percentage of survival rates was recorded over 7 days. Results revealed that fish fed with A. veronii V03 demonstrated a significant improvement in growth and enhancement of innate immunity, including respiratory burst, myeloperoxidase, and lysozyme activities, and total immunoglobulin level compared with BD fed to fish. Relatively, expression of cytokines (MyD88, IL-1ß1, IL-8, and IL-10) and c- and g-type lysozymes were significantly up- and downregulated in lymphoid organs of fish. Moreover, dietary supplementation of A. veronii V03 exhibited significantly (p < 0.001) higher survival rates of DI (90%) and DII (96.66%) compared with BD (53.33%) fed fish against A. hydrophila infection. These findings help to understand the effects of probiotic A. veronii V03 administrated feed influences on growth and ailment resistance to A. hydrophila infection by regulating innate and systemic immunity in common carp fish.
Subject(s)
Aeromonas hydrophila , Aeromonas veronii , Carps , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections , Probiotics , Aeromonas veronii/pathogenicity , Animals , Carps/immunology , Carps/microbiology , Disease Resistance , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/veterinary , Immunity, InnateABSTRACT
In this study, the sponge-associated a potential endosymbiotic bacterium, Bacillus subtilis MKU SERB2 was identified and optimized the production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) by using response surface methodology (RSM). The central composite rotatable design (CCRD) exhibited the highest yield of EPS (617.81 µg/mL) obtained from the optimized medium containing 11.5 g/L of sucrose, 3.5 g/L of yeast extract, 3.0 g/L of peptone, and 2.5 g/L of calcium chloride. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of purified EPS indicated that the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amide as functional groups, and their structural composition was confirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Moreover, the fibrous, porous and semi-crystalline nature of EPS was confirmed by SEM and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis and the EDX inferred demonstrated the presence of C, Na, O, N, S, and Cl respectively. Further, the isolated EPS exhibited potent antioxidant activity and moderate anticoagulant efficacy whereas there was no hemolytic and lymphocytes toxicity. Overall, our result suggests that the functional and biological properties of the EPS imply the potential applications in food and pharmaceutical industries in the future.
Subject(s)
Anticoagulants/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Bacillus subtilis/chemistry , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/chemistry , Animals , Anticoagulants/pharmacology , Anticoagulants/toxicity , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Antioxidants/toxicity , Bacillus subtilis/isolation & purification , Bacillus subtilis/pathogenicity , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Hemolysis , Humans , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/pharmacology , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/toxicity , Porifera/microbiologyABSTRACT
Malperfusion syndrome results from end-organ ischemia in the setting of an aortic dissection. Malperfusion syndrome can affect any vascular bed with mesenteric malperfusion (MMP) being the most challenging associated with a 3- to 4-fold increase in mortality in both acute type A and B aortic dissections. The incidence MMP is between 66% and 100% in different literature. The insidious onset of MMP, among the different ischemic end-organ complications, makes it a challenge for diagnosis and management. The management of MMP is still a polemic, as to whether initially the aortic repair to be done or to restore the mesenteric perfusion. The approach for acute type A aortic dissection with MMP includes initial central repair, endovascular repair followed by central repair or simultaneous repair. Endovascular remains the main mode of treatment for acute type B aortic dissection with MMP. With respect to the variation in presentation and degree of ischemia, a patient-specific approach is required for treating this condition.
Subject(s)
Aortic Aneurysm/surgery , Aortic Dissection/surgery , Hemodynamics , Mesenteric Ischemia/surgery , Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion/surgery , Splanchnic Circulation , Vascular Surgical Procedures , Aortic Dissection/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Dissection/mortality , Aortic Dissection/physiopathology , Aortic Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Aneurysm/mortality , Aortic Aneurysm/physiopathology , Humans , Incidence , Mesenteric Ischemia/diagnostic imaging , Mesenteric Ischemia/mortality , Mesenteric Ischemia/physiopathology , Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion/diagnostic imaging , Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion/mortality , Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion/physiopathology , Registries , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Syndrome , Treatment Outcome , Vascular Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Vascular Surgical Procedures/mortalityABSTRACT
Coarctation of the aorta is commonly associated with congenital and acquired cardiac pathology that may require surgical intervention. Adult patients with recurrent coarctation of the aorta, with or without associated intracardiac disease pose a surgical challenge. We report a 32-year-old man who presented with ascending aortic aneurysm with severe aortic regurgitation who underwent three previous surgeries for recurrent coarctation.
