ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major public health problem throughout the world and accounts for substantial morbidity and mortality rates in India, too. Early diagnosis is the corner stone of tuberculosis treatment. State-level and cluster-wise variations in drug resistance is a possibility and should be regularly checked in from time to time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present prospective cohort study (January 2019 to May 2022) was conducted in Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital on drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Sputum specimens were collected from designated centers. Rapid molecular drug-resistance testing (genotypic tests) and growth-based drug-susceptibility testing (DST) (phenotypic tests) were performed in the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program certified Laboratory. RESULTS: A total of 268 patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the study group. The treatment outcomes revealed as cured in 100 (37.31%); treatment completed in 43 (16.04%); died in 56 (20.89%); treatment failed in 22 (8.21%); loss of follow up in 34 (12.69%); and transferred out in 13 (4.85%) drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Adverse events were recorded in 199 (74.25%) of the drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients. CONCLUSIONS: Drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients are a matter of concern and need to be addressed.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the anxiety, depression, and serum cortisol level in OSMF patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Outpatient Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Age- and gender-matched 105 patients were divided into three equal groups as follows: Group 1 - those with areca nut chewing habits and OSMF, Group 2 - those with areca nut chewing habits but no OSMF, and Group 3- those without areca nut chewing habits and without OSMF. Anxiety and depression were assessed by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, respectively. Serum cortisol level was also measured simultaneously. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Paired t-test, Chi-square test, and analysis of variance were used. RESULTS: Fifty (47.62%) patients were observed to be in the age group of 25-32 years. Ninety-six (91.4%) patients were males and 9 (8.6%) were females. The mean serum cortisol level was observed to be higher among patients with OSMF-C followed by those with OSMF-D. CONCLUSION: We conclude that there is a significant association between OSMF, depression, and serum cortisol level.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Surgical site infection is one of the most important complication of surgery. It increases the mortality and morbidity. In order to decrease the incidence of surgical site infections perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis has been recommended in certain types of clean and clean contaminated surgeries. Aminoglycosides are indicated as surgical prophylaxis for prevention of surgical site infection in patients with B-lactam allergy. AIM: The present study was carried out to study and compare the renal safety profile of single high dose gentamycin and amikacin as surgical prophylactic antibiotic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective and randomized study was carried out on 100 patients for over one year period in a tertiary care teaching hospital of western Uttar Pradesh, India. Patients in amikacin group received amikacin 15 mg/kg + metronidazole 500 mg intravenously single dose and those in the gentamycin group had gentamycin 5 mg/kg + metronidazole 500 mg intravenously single dose, one hour prior to incision. RESULT: A total of 16% patients of amikacin group and 24% patients of gentamycin group developed acute kidney injury within one week of drug administration. The rise in serum creatinine was temporary as all patients had normal serum creatinine level at one month follow up. CONCLUSION: Aminoglycoside intravenous single high dose is not safe as surgical prophylaxis.
