ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Since ancient times, use of graft materials to promote healing of defects of bone is wellknown. Traditionally, missing bone is replaced with material from either patient or donor. Multiple sources of bone grafts have been used to graft bone defects to stimulate bone healing. Hydroxyapatite is naturally occurring mineral component of bone, which is osteoconductive. This versatile biomaterial is derived from many sources. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of eggshell derived hydroxyapatite (EHA) in the bone regeneration of human maxillary cystic bone defects secondary to cystic removal/apicoectomy and compare the material properties of EHA in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of eight maxillary bone defects were grafted after cystic enucleation and/or apicoectomy in the year 2008 and completed the study at 1 year. The patients were followed-up 2 weeks after surgery for signs and symptoms of infection or any other complications that may have been related to surgical procedure. Follow-up radiographs were obtained immediately after surgery followed by 1, 2, and 3 months to assess the efficacy of EHA in bone healing. Physicochemical characterization of the EHA was carried out in comparison with synthetic hydroxyapatite (SHA), also compared the biocompatibility of EHA using in vitro cytotoxicity test. RESULTS: By the end of the 8(th) week, the defects grafted with EHA showed complete bone formation. However, bone formation in non-grafted sites was insignificant. The values of density measurements were equal or more than that of surrounding normal bone. These results indicate that the osseous regeneration of the bone defect filled with EHA is significant. EHA showed the superior material properties in comparison with SHA. CONCLUSION: EHA is a versatile novel bone graft substitute that yielded promising results. Because of its biocompatibility, lack of disease transfer risks, ease of use and unlimited availability, EHA remains a viable choice as regenerative material. EHA is very cost-effective, efficient bone graft substitute, which can be prepared in a very economical way. It is a worthwhile bone substitute because it is safe and easily available material. How to cite the article: Kattimani VS, Chakravarthi PS, Kanumuru NR, Subbarao VV, Sidharthan A, Kumar TS, Prasad LK. Eggshell derived hydroxyapatite as bone graft substitute in the healing of maxillary cystic bone defects: A preliminary report. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(3):15-9.
ABSTRACT
AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate bactericidal effect of Ca(OH)2 compared with 810 nm diode, 980 nm diode, and Nd:YAG lasers on root canal dentin against E.faecalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty five freshly extracted human mandibular single rooted teeth were selected for the study. The apical third of these roots was gradually enlarged until reaching the ISO 40- K file. The samples were divided into 4 groups, each containing 15 teeth and 5 teeth for control group. Group-1: 810 nm Diode; Group-2: 980 nm Diode; Group-3: Nd:YAG; Group-4: Ca(OH)2. 50µL of the E.faecalis ATCC 29212 strand was incubated in 1 mL of Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI) culture medium in37(o)C incubator for 4h. The concentration of the inoculation was then adjusted for a degree of turbidity which was adjusted to 0.5 McFarland scale. Later from the incubated broth, 10µL of E.faecalis culture was inoculated into the main canal and were sealed. RESULTS: The incubated plates were checked for growth and the colony was counted using colony counter and the results are interpreted. There was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) amongst the Ca(OH)2 group regarding the laser groups. CONCLUSION: The teeth irradiated with the Nd:YAG laser had significantly higher bacterial reduction than all the other groups and the respective control groups.
