Subconjunctival ecchymosis due to rhinoplasty.

Orbital complications of rhinoplasty show a wide range from minor complications like periorbital edema and ecchymosis to severe complications like blindness. Also, subconjunctival ecchymosis is one of the orbital complications due to rhinoplasty. A prospective study was set out to assess the incidence and progression of subconjunctival ecchymosis and to find out mechanisms of this complication. The incidence of subconjunctival ecchymosis was found to be 19.1%. Typically it appeared unilaterally or bilaterally over the temporal subconjunctival area in the first two days after the operation. Complete resolution of subconjunctival ecchymosis took approximately 11 +/- 3 days. No other ocular symptoms were found. Subconjunctival ecchymosis only prolonged the recovery period of the patient from the rhinoplasty.

The effect of trimetazidine on the survival of rat island skin flaps subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury.

The effect of trimetazidine (TMZ) on flap ischemia-reperfusion injury was investigated in rat inferior epigastric artery flaps. Twenty-six rats, divided into four experimental groups-nonischemic group (group 1, N = 5), ischemic control group (group 2, N = 7), preischemic TMZ-treated group (group 3, N = 7), and postischemic TMZ-treated group (group 4, N = 7)-were used. Rat inferior epigastric artery flaps were rendered ischemic by occluding the feeding femoral artery, and they were reperfused by releasing the clamps after 11 hours in groups 2 through 4. Group 3 rats were given TMZ (3 mg per kilogram, intravenously) diluted in saline before application of the clamp, and group 4 rats were given TMZ before clamp removal. Flap survival was scored on postoperative day 8. All flaps in the nonischemic control group (group 1) survived completely. The ischemic control group (group 2) demonstrated a 6.3 +/- 4.3% survival area. In the preischemic TMZ group (group 3) the mean survival area was 76.9 +/- 6.1%, and in the postischemic TMZ group (group 4) it was 76.8 +/- 5.6%. TMZ-treated flaps showed a significant increase in survival area regardless of the time of administration (p = 0.001, group 3 vs. group 2; p = 0.001, group 4 vs. group 2). This finding suggests that TMZ has a beneficial effect on the prevention or treatment of arterial ischemic flaps.

The Tessier number 5 cleft with associated extremity anomalies.

OBJECTIVE: Oblique facial clefts are rare congenital deformities. They constitute 0.22% of all facial malformations. In this case report, an oblique facial cleft defined as Tessier number 5 is presented. The number 5 cleft of Tessier is one of the most rare congenital facial clefts; review of the literature revealed 20 patients. This case was also demonstrated with associated limb anomalies, suggesting that the patient may have been affected by the amnion rupture sequence. The teratology of these malformations is discussed, and attention is drawn to the amniotic rupture sequence as a possible cause.

Cryptorchidism as a result of burn injury.

Thermal injury of the genitalia usually occurs as part of larger body surface burns. The most common sequelae of burns of the penoscrotal region are contractures of penile shaft, but we did not encounter any reported cases in English Literature with cryptorchidism as a sequel of burn injury. A 7 year old boy with cryptorchidism as a component of extensive perineal and inguinal burn deformity is reported to indicate the role of burn injury in cryptorchidism. Cryptorchidism as a component of perineal burn injury may be caused by the attachment of the cremaster muscle or fascia to the abdominal wall during the process of wound healing. As healing process of wounds on inguinal region by contraction may cause testis entrapment and cryptorchidism, a careful genital examination bears a great importance in inguinal burn deformities in order not to miss any trapped testis and replace it as early as possible before degenerative changes begin.