Subject(s)
Leprosy/diagnostic imaging , Arthritis/diagnostic imaging , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Nail Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Nervous System Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Osteitis/diagnostic imaging , Periostitis/diagnostic imaging , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/diagnostic imaging , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
The causative pathogens in diabetic foot infections differ in studies of European compared with Asian populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the causative microorganisms and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns in diabetic patients with a foot infection in Turkey, a country at the crossroads of these two continents. We performed a comprehensive literature search to identify all published studies pertaining to DFIs in patients cared for in Turkey. To assess changes in causative organisms and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns over time, we compared the results of just the most recent 5 years (2007-2011) with those of the past 20-years (1989-2011). We identified 31 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. Overall, these studies reported 2,097 patients, from whom 1,974 microorganisms were isolated. The total percentage of gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic bacteria were similar in each of the assessed periods. The rate of isolation of Staphylococcus aureus during the entire period, compared with just the past 5 years, was 23.8% and 19.1%, respectively, while the rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus was 7.8% and 5.7%, respectively. The isolation rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 13.7% for the entire period and 14.9% for the past 5 years. While linezolid, vancomycin and teicoplanin were the most active agents against gram-positive microorganisms, imipenem and cefoperazone-sulbactam were the most active against gram-negative microorganisms. This systematic review demonstrated few substantial changes in diabetic foot microbiology over the past 20 years. The data may help develop and update local clinical guidelines regarding antibiotic therapy for diabetic foot infections in Turkey. Further studies, especially with optimal culture methods, would be useful to validate these findings.
Subject(s)
Bacteria/classification , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Diabetic Foot/complications , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Prevalence , Turkey/epidemiologyABSTRACT
In this case report, successful use of omalizumab in the treatment of chronic urticarial and angioedema in a 24-year-old female patient with an allergic reaction history to almost every drug including steroids and antihistamines was presented. She also had allergy against a large number of foods, which were confirmed by oral provocation, specific Immunoglobulin E and allergy skin test.
Subject(s)
Angioedema/chemically induced , Angioedema/drug therapy , Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Drug Hypersensitivity/drug therapy , Drug Hypersensitivity/etiology , Histamine Antagonists/adverse effects , Steroids/adverse effects , Urticaria/chemically induced , Angioedema/diagnosis , Angioedema/immunology , Biomarkers/blood , Drug Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Drug Hypersensitivity/immunology , Female , Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Food Hypersensitivity/immunology , Humans , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Omalizumab , Skin Tests , Treatment Outcome , Urticaria/diagnosis , Urticaria/immunology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Background: The immunological mechanism in aetiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) shows significant differences from other allergic diseases. Allergen inhalation exacerbates AD lesions and AD patients complaints decrease in house dust mite (HDM) low level environments, which reveals the importance of inhalant allergens. Objective: We evaluated the skin prick test (SPT) and atopy patch test (APT) positivity rates with aeroallergens and studied the effect of test results, and aimed to determine the value of allergic test reactivity on the clinical characteristics of children with AD. Methods: Forty-five children aged 215 years with AD were included to study between May 2006 and May 2007 in GATA Haydarpasa Teaching Hospital, Allergy Department. The reactivity to inhalant allergens using SPT and APT was evaluated. The severity of AD, which was assessed with SCORAD, was compared with aeroallergen hypersensitivity. Results: The highest positivity of APT was seen against HDM (48.9%). HDM SPT positivity and subjective symptoms score were statistically correlated (P < 0.05). Patients with strong SPT positivity to HDM had a higher total SCORAD score (P < 0.05). Although there was no statistical correlation between HDM APT and SCORAD parameters, APT positive patients had generally higher SCORAD parameters. The statistical significance was only shown between the extent of the disease and strong APT positive reactions to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Conclusion: HDM allergens play an important role in determining the clinical severity of AD and strong APT positivity could be more meaningful clinically (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/immunology , Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology , Allergens/adverse effects , Patch Tests , Air Pollution/adverse effects , Particulate Matter/adverse effects , Skin TestsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The immunological mechanism in aetiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) shows significant differences from other allergic diseases. Allergen inhalation exacerbates AD lesions and AD patients' complaints decrease in house dust mite (HDM) low level environments, which reveals the importance of inhalant allergens. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the skin prick test (SPT) and atopy patch test (APT) positivity rates with aeroallergens and studied the effect of test results, and aimed to determine the value of allergic test reactivity on the clinical characteristics of children with AD. METHODS: Forty-five children aged 2-15 years with AD were included to study between May 2006 and May 2007 in GATA Haydarpasa Teaching Hospital, Allergy Department. The reactivity to inhalant allergens using SPT and APT was evaluated. The severity of AD, which was assessed with SCORAD, was compared with aeroallergen hypersensitivity. RESULTS: The highest positivity of APT was seen against HDM (48.9%). HDM SPT positivity and subjective symptoms score were statistically correlated (P<0.05). Patients with strong SPT positivity to HDM had a higher total SCORAD score (P<0.05). Although there was no statistical correlation between HDM APT and SCORAD parameters, APT positive patients had generally higher SCORAD parameters. The statistical significance was only shown between the extent of the disease and strong APT positive reactions to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. CONCLUSION: HDM allergens play an important role in determining the clinical severity of AD and strong APT positivity could be more meaningful clinically.