Subject(s)
Accidents, Occupational , Foreign Bodies/surgery , Nose/injuries , Wounds, Penetrating/surgery , Adult , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The contribution of emphysema to lung cancer risk has been recognized, but the effect size needs to be further defined. In this study, 565 primary lung cancer cases were enrolled though a prospective lung cancer cohort at Mayo Clinic, and 450 controls were smokers participating in a lung cancer screening study in the same institution using spiral computed tomography (CT). Cases and controls were frequency matched on age, gender, race, smoking status, and residential region. CT imaging using standard protocol at the time of lung cancer diagnosis (case) or during the study (control) was assessed for emphysema by visual scoring CT analysis as a percentage of lung tissue destroyed. The clinical definition of emphysema was the diagnosis recorded in the medical documentation. Using multiple logistic regression models, emphysema (≥ 5% on CT) was found to be associated with a 3.8-fold increased lung cancer risk in Caucasians, with higher risk in subgroups of younger (<65 years old, OR = 4.64), heavy smokers (≥ 40 pack-years, OR = 4.46), and small-cell lung cancer (OR = 5.62). When using >0% or ≥ 10% emphysema on CT, lung cancer risk was 2.79-fold or 3.33-fold higher than controls. Compared with CT evaluation (using criterion ≥ 5%), the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis for emphysema in controls were 19%, 98%, 73%, 84%, and 83%, respectively. These results imply that an accurate evaluation of emphysema could help reliably identify individuals at greater risk of lung cancer among smokers.
Subject(s)
Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Lung Neoplasms/etiology , Pulmonary Emphysema/complications , Pulmonary Emphysema/diagnostic imaging , Smoking/adverse effects , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Pulmonary Emphysema/pathology , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a high-grade, B-cell-originated pediatric malignancy that is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving different organs. Mediastinal mass, ascites, peritoneal thickening, and infiltration of the small intestine, kidney, and liver were found in our patient. In this case, we describe the radiologic appearances and possible infiltration patterns of multi-organ BL. Also, we discuss infiltration of the periportal area, such as hypodense lesions in the liver, which is rarely seen in BL.
