A case of mammary myofibroblastoma diagnosed with cytomorphological, cell block and immunohistochemistry findings.

Myofibroblastoma (MFB) is a rare benign spindle cell tumor originating from myofibroblasts in the breast stroma. MFB typically presents as a slow-growing, well-circumscribed, solitary mass ranging from 1 to 4 cm in size. It has been reported in adults, and frequently seen in older males and in postmenopausal females. The lesion is composed of stromal cells showing fibroblastic and myofibroblastic differentiation at the morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural levels. To date, the literature includes only about 24 MFB cases confirmed via fine-needle aspiration and cytological evaluation. Here, we present a patient with MFB that was diagnosed via conventional smear slides and cell block, in addition to immunohistochemical analysis.

Reliability of Frozen Section Pathology in Transoral Laser Laryngectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of frozen section analysis in transoral laser laryngectomy (TOLL). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted for patients who underwent TOLL in a university hospital between January 2012 and February 2014. The grade of the tumor and the histopathological diagnosis were noted. The results of frozen section pathologies and routine histological examinations were compared. RESULTS: A total number of 84 sections from 21 patients with a mean age of 57.3 years were included in the study. All the patients were operated with superpulse continuous mode carbon dioxide laser with a power of 5-8 watts. Squamous cell carcinoma was histologically diagnosed in all patients. The tumor was grade 1 in 80.95% of the patients, grade 2 in 9.52%, and grade 3 in 9.52%. A routine histopathological examination confirmed the frozen section in 94.04% of the patients. CONCLUSION: Laser surgery is a commonly preferred treatment modality in early-stage laryngeal carcinomas, in particular. However, a safe surgical margin is a debate in transoral laser surgery. In light of our results, we can conclude that frozen section pathology is a reliable method to achieve safe surgical margins in TOLL.

Breast hamartoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 27 cases and a literature review.

OBJECTIVES: Breast hamartoma is an uncommon breast tumor that accounts for approximately 4.8% of all benign breast masses. The pathogenesis is still poorly understood and breast hamartoma is not a well-known disorder, so its diagnosis is underestimated by clinicians and pathologists. This study was designed to present our experience with breast hamartoma, along with a literature review. METHOD: We reviewed the demographic data, pathologic analyses and imaging and results of patients diagnosed with breast hamartoma between December 2003 and September 2013. RESULTS: In total, 27 cases of breast hamartoma operated in the Ankara University Medicine Faculty's Department of General Surgery were included in the study. All patients were female and the mean age was 41.8±10.8 years. The mean tumor size was 3.9±2.7 cm. Breast ultrasound was performed on all patients before surgery. The most common additional lesion was epithelial hyperplasia (22.2%). Furthermore, lobular carcinoma in situ was identified in one case and invasive ductal carcinoma was observed in another case. Immunohistochemical staining revealed myoid hamartoma in one case (3.7%). CONCLUSION: Breast hamartomas are rare benign lesions that may be underdiagnosed because of the categorization of hamartomas as fibroadenomas by pathologists. Pathologic examinations can show variability from one case to another. Thus, the true incidence may be higher than the literature indicates.

Breast hamartoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 27 cases and a literature review

OBJECTIVES: Breast hamartoma is an uncommon breast tumor that accounts for approximately 4.8% of all benign breast masses. The pathogenesis is still poorly understood and breast hamartoma is not a well-known disorder, so its diagnosis is underestimated by clinicians and pathologists. This study was designed to present our experience with breast hamartoma, along with a literature review. METHOD: We reviewed the demographic data, pathologic analyses and imaging and results of patients diagnosed with breast hamartoma between December 2003 and September 2013. RESULTS: In total, 27 cases of breast hamartoma operated in the Ankara University Medicine Faculty's Department of General Surgery were included in the study. All patients were female and the mean age was 41.8±10.8 years. The mean tumor size was 3.9±2.7 cm. Breast ultrasound was performed on all patients before surgery. The most common additional lesion was epithelial hyperplasia (22.2%). Furthermore, lobular carcinoma in situ was identified in one case and invasive ductal carcinoma was observed in another case. Immunohistochemical staining revealed myoid hamartoma in one case (3.7%). CONCLUSION: Breast hamartomas are rare benign lesions that may be underdiagnosed because of the categorization of hamartomas as fibroadenomas by pathologists. Pathologic examinations can show variability from one case to another. Thus, the true incidence may be higher than the literature indicates. .

Intraabdominal follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: a report of three cases and review of the literature.

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare neoplasm that originates from follicular dendritic cells in lymphoid follicles. FDCS has been increasingly reported in recent years. However, data on FDCS are mostly based on single case reports or case series and its natural history and standard treatment are not clear. To increase the understanding of this rare disease, we report our experience of three cases of FDCS with an analysis of the morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics, clinical course, treatment options and response to treatment. In addition, we reviewed the literature on FDCS.

Effects of the aged garlic extract on spinal cord injury model in rat.

BACKGROUND: Aged garlic extract (AGE) is a potent antioxidant agent with an established neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia. However, the potential protective effect of AGE in spinal cord injury (SCI) is still unknown. METHODS: Spinal cord trauma was applied to 19 adult male Wistar rats using the clip compression method. Animals were divided into three groups. Animals in the AGE group were administered 250 mg/kg per day of AGE diluted in tap water orally by gavage for 15 days prior to trauma. After spinal cord trauma, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels of the AGE group were compared with the animals in the control and SCI groups. The animals were examined by inclined plane 24 hours (h) after the trauma. At the end of the experiment, spinal cord tissue samples were harvested for pathological evaluation. RESULTS: Regarding tissue MDA and SOD levels after trauma, animals in the AGE group demonstrated decreased MDA levels and increased SOD levels when compared with the SCI group. However, these results were no better than in the control group. The AGE group demonstrated better pathological findings than the SCI group. The result regarding the functional finding was similar. CONCLUSION: AGE demonstrated neuroprotective effects in SCI. Further studies with different experimental settings are required to achieve conclusive results.

Incidental gallbladder cancer diagnosed during or after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in members of the Turkish population with gallstone disease.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gallbladder cancer is a rare neoplasm. We report our experience with gallbladder cancer that was incidentally diagnosed during or after laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed for gallstone disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included all laparoscopic cholecystectomies due to gallstone disease undertaken from May 1999 to June 2010. Exclusion criteria were suspicion of malignancy and/or existence of gallbladder polyps detected with ultrasonography preoperatively. Patients with incidentally diagnosed gallbladder cancer were recorded, and the clinical and demographic characteristics of these patients were reviewed. RESULTS: Of 5,382 patients in whom laparoscopic cholecystectomy was attempted, 5,164 were included in this study. Incidental gallbladder cancer was found in five patients, with a mean age of 66.2 years. The histological tumor stages were adenocarcinoma in situ in one patient, pT1b in one patient, pT2 in one patient, and pT3 in two patients. Two patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy alone underwent no additional surgery because of the low stage of the tumors. The three remaining patients, whose laparoscopic cholecystectomies were converted to open surgeries, underwent cholecystectomy, excision of the liver bed and lymph node dissection. The overall median survival time was 32 months. CONCLUSION: The incidence of incidental gallbladder cancer has been reported to vary, up to 2.85%. In this single-center study, the rate of incidental gallbladder cancer was found to be 0.09%. Female gender and advanced age are demographic risk factors for gallbladder carcinoma. Although gallbladder cancer is well known for its poor prognosis, tumors that are incidentally diagnosed are often found at an early stage and have a better prognosis.

The best immunohistochemical panel for differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic adenocarcinoma.

It can be difficult to differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from metastatic adenocarcinoma (MA). An appropriate immunohistochemical panel is required for the differential diagnosis. This study aimed at finding the best panel, including hepatocyte-specific antigen (Hepatocyte), pCEA, CD10, Villin, CD34, TTF-1, MOC-31, CK7, and CK20 antibodies. Sixty-eight cases of HCC and 107 cases of MA were investigated. Hepatocyte positivity was seen in 95.6% of HCCs and in 1.9% of MAs. pCEA was expressed in 47.8% of HCCs and in 86.8% of MAs. CD10 stained 73.13% of HCCs and 36.9% of MAs. Villin was positive in 23.5% of HCCs and in 81.0% of MAs. Canalicular staining with pCEA, CD10, and Villin was seen only in HCCs. Sinusoidal CD34 staining was seen only in 42.6% of HCCs. A small subset of HCCs demonstrated cytoplasmic TTF-1 and MOC-31. CK7 was expressed in 29.4% of HCCs and in 29.9% of MAs, whereas CK20 stained 14.7% of HCCs and 62.6% of MAs. In conclusion, Hepatocyte should be combined with pCEA, MOC-31, CD10, and CD34. Canalicular staining with pCEA, CD10, and Villin is specific for HCC. CK7 and CK20 expression may be seen in some HCCs. We suggest that the best panel for discriminating HCC from MA should contain Hepatocyte, MOC-31, pCEA, CD10, and CD34.