ABSTRACT
Over the last decade, our knowledge of ß-cell biology has expanded with the use of new scientific techniques and strategies. Growth factors, hormones and small molecules have been shown to enhance ß-cell proliferation and function. Stem cell technology and research into the developmental biology of the pancreas have yielded new methods for in vivo and in vitro regeneration of ß cells from stem cells and endogenous progenitors as well as transdifferentiation of non-ß cells. Novel pharmacological approaches have been developed to preserve and enhance ß-cell function. Strategies to increase expression of insulin gene transcription factors in dysfunctional and immature ß cells have ameliorated these impairments. Hence, we suggest that strategies to minimize ß-cell loss and to increase their function and regeneration will ultimately lead to therapy for both Type 1 and 2 diabetes.
