ABSTRACT
Oral cholera chemical vaccine in the doses tested (2 and 3 tablets) proved to be areactogenic, harmless and immunologically effective in a controlled limited trial in 150 volunteers. By the results of titration of specific antitoxins and vibriocidal antibodies in the blood serum, as well as of coproantibodies a dose of 2 tablets was chosen as the optimal one.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis , Cholera Vaccines/immunology , Immunization, Secondary , Vibrio cholerae/immunology , Administration, Oral , Adult , Antitoxins/analysis , Cholera Vaccines/administration & dosage , Clinical Trials as Topic , Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic , Drug Evaluation , Humans , Injections, Jet , Tablets , Time Factors , Toxoids/immunology , VaccinationABSTRACT
Enterotoxic properties of neuro-and endotoxins of Sonne dysentery bacillus, of cholerogen, and Bowen's cholera vibrio endotoxin were determined on a model of an isolated loop of the mouse small intestine. In definite doses all the mentioned preparations could induce dilatation of the isolated loop of the mouse small intestine. In case of Sonne bacillus neurotoxin this property correlated with the toxicity of the preparation for the animals and failed to depend on the virulence and biochemical reference of the strain from which it was obtained. Marked variations in the sensitivity of mongrel and linear mice to the mentioned preparations were noted.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Toxins/toxicity , Intestine, Small , Shigella sonnei , Vibrio cholerae , Animals , Endotoxins/toxicity , Enterotoxins/toxicity , MiceABSTRACT
The authors discuss the results of studies on the choice of highly-reproducible and sufficiently informative methods of 9-antigen standardization in a new chemical vaccine against cholera (cholerogen-toxoid); materials were collected under conditions of controlled epidemilogical trial. Titration of O-antigen in industrial batches of the preparation with the aid of precipitation in gel against standard O-cholera serum could be used for its standardization. Quantitative limits of O-antigen responsible for the formation of vibration (antimicrobial) antibodies in the persons vaccinated were found by studying the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a number of cholerogen-toxoid batches contrast by O-antigen content described by means of the precipitation test.
Subject(s)
Cholera Vaccines/standards , Adolescent , Adult , Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis , Antigens, Bacterial/analysis , Cholera/prevention & control , Cholera Vaccines/adverse effects , Cholera Vaccines/analysis , Humans , Immunodiffusion , Serotyping , Species Specificity , Toxoids/analysis , Toxoids/standards , VaccinationABSTRACT
Three fractions isolated from the culture fluid of the 569B cholera vibrio strain were studied. The fractions differed by the extent of purification, and the content of the toxid and the O-antigen. In intraintestinal application to rabbits all of them caused formation of antitoxins and vibriocidal antibodies in the blood serum. The immunizing dose of the preparations in intraintestinal administration exceeded the dose required for subcutaneous application. Fraction I should be used for Producing tablet form of cholera vaccine because it was least toxic and provided the greatest yield.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis , Antigens, Bacterial , Antitoxins/analysis , Cholera Vaccines , Toxoids , Vibrio cholerae/immunology , Administration, Oral , Animals , Cholera/prevention & control , Cholera Vaccines/administration & dosage , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Injections, Subcutaneous , Rabbits , Subcellular Fractions , TabletsABSTRACT
Cholerogen-toxoid served as a complex vaccine preparation composed of the main pathogenicity factors of cholera vibrio--cholerogen (toxoid), endotoxin and a number of exoenzymes. The preparation contains 65 +/- 7.5% of protein, 12 +/- 1.2% of reducing sugars, 7 +/- 1.2% of lipids, and 2 +/- 0.3% of nucleic acids. Analytic disc-electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and immune disc-electrophoresis revealed at least seven individual proteins with the serological activity in the preparation. About 70% of these constituted toxoid proper; the content of O-antigen was 22%. In the cholerogen-toxoid there were revealed seven exoenzymes of cholera vibrio; proteinase, lecithinase, lipase, DNA-ase, RNA-ase, hyaluronidase, amylase. Antibodies against proteinase, lecithinase, amylase and RNA-ase of cholera vibrio were found in the serum of rabbits immunized with cholerogen-toxoid.
Subject(s)
Cholera Vaccines , Toxoids , Animals , Antibody Formation , Antigens, Bacterial , Cholera/immunology , Cholera Vaccines/analysis , Endotoxins , Enzymes/analysis , Enzymes/immunology , Rabbits , Toxoids/analysis , VaccinationABSTRACT
This article presents the results of a comparative study of the reactogenicity and the serological response induced by a number of cholera vaccines. Conducted in the USSR on 998 adults aged 18 years and over, the study covered whole-cell heat-killed and formalin-inactivated cholera vaccines, whole-cell heat-killed El Tor vaccine, and a new partially purified toxoid preparation proposed for the immunoprophylaxis of cholera-all administered by hypodermic syringe or jet injector. The most marked reactions were found to occur with the formalin-inactivated cholera vaccine and the least marked with the partially purified toxoid. It was also established that the toxoid was no less effective than the whole-cell vaccine in inducing the intense production of antibodies to the Inaba serotype and, in somewhat lesser degree, to the Ogawa serotype of the El Tor vibrio. It was the only preparation to give rise to intense production of specific antitoxins in 95-98% of cases. The reactions to and immunogenic properties of the cholera vaccines did not show any statistically significant difference whether administered by hypodermic syringe or by jet injector.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis , Cholera Vaccines , Cholera/prevention & control , Adolescent , Adult , Cholera Vaccines/adverse effects , Clinical Trials as Topic , Female , Formaldehyde , Hot Temperature , Humans , Male , Toxoids , USSR , Vibrio cholerae/immunologyABSTRACT
The authors discussed the results of study of the titre of vibration antibodies and antitoxins one, three and five months after the vaccination of adults with an optimal vaccination dose of cholerogen toxoid (24OO BU). Comparison of the immunological information obtained at the above mentioned periods showed the expediency of revaccination three months after the vaccination. Immunogenicity of the three doses of the cholerogen-toxoid tested (1200, 2400, 3600 BU) displayed no statistically significant difference in revaccination. Taking into consideration that the least reactogenic dose was 1200 BU this dose is recommended as the optimal revaccination dose for adults.
Subject(s)
Cholera/prevention & control , Immunization, Secondary , Toxoids/administration & dosage , Adolescent , Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis , Antitoxins/biosynthesis , Cholera/immunology , Humans , Serotyping , Vaccination , Vibrio cholerae/immunologyABSTRACT
Antibodies reacting with the endotoxins of enterobacteria or antibodies to homologous endotoxin were eliminated from the sera to cholerigen, cholerigen-toxoid by precipitin abosrption. Sera to neurotoxin of enterobacteria were exhausted in the same way. The exhausted sera continued to form precipitation lines with heterologous toxic complexes. The presence of affiliated antigens in the composition of cholerigen and of shigellae, salmonellae and escherichia neurotoxins was also shown by the method of immune electrophoresis.
Subject(s)
Endotoxins , Escherichia coli/immunology , Salmonella/immunology , Shigella/immunology , Vibrio/immunology , Antigens, BacterialABSTRACT
The authors suggest the use of determination of the titre of the diffuse precipitation in gel test with the O-cholera serum, and the content of reducing sugars after Hagedorn-Jensen to characterize the antibacterial properties of the cholerogen-toxoid preparation along with (or instead of) the active mouse protection (AU50) test used earlier, because a close correlative association was established between them. No correlative association proved to exist between the vibriocidal antibody titre of the sera of rabbits immunized with the cholerogen-toxoid and the mouse protection (AU50) test or the titre of the precipitation in gel test in the preparation.
