Biochemical changes in rats with different behavioral characteristics under conditions of metabolic stress.

Food deprivation is an extreme state of the functional feeding system, which is reflected in the character of changes in the activity of central and peripheral components selectively included in the system. We studied the dynamics of coenzyme Q10 levels and spectrum of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the blood serum, liver, and brain as well as LPO intensity in the serum and liver in behaviorally passive and active rats under conditions of food deprivation. Our results indicate that adaptive and compensatory processes during acute metabolic stress depend on the initial behavioral characteristics of the animals.

Biochemical features in rats with different behavioral activity under conditions of emotional stress.

Adaptive capacities of the organism under conditions of emotional stress are determined by individual complex of anti-stress protective mechanisms. We studied the content of coenzyme Q10 and the spectrum of polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 in the serum, liver, and brain, and LPO intensity in the serum and liver of behaviorally active and passive rats under conditions of acute emotional stress. The differences in the formation of adaptive responses in animals with various behavioral activities were demonstrated.

Biochemistry of blood plasma and some parameters of antioxidant status in rats with polyhypovitaminosis of varying severity.

In rats with profound vitamin deficiency, blood plasma level of triglycerides significantly decreased by 1.6 times, potassium ions by 5%, uric acid by 23%, ALT and AST by 1.4 times, while the levels of glucose increased by 32%, iron by 31%, urea by 58%, and alkaline phosphatase by 19%. Plasma level of phosphorus tended to decrease and ionized calcium concentration tended to increase. Severe deficiency of all vitamins is accompanied by pronounced accumulation of MDA in the plasma and liver together with simultaneous increase in the level of coenzyme Q10 by 4.6 times and decrease in vitamin C content by 21.4% in the rat liver compared to the control. It was found that severe combined deficiency of vitamins for 4 weeks produced considerable multidirectional alterations in diagnostically important metabolic parameters in rat plasma.

[Effects of taurine supplementation on apoptosis, lipid peroxidation and proteomic pools of subcellular fractions of rat hepatocytes in experiment].

During research specific proteomic pools of subcellular fractions of rats hepatic cells typical for different states of ontogenesis were identified. Taurine supplementation during early ontogenesis leads to a production of a catalase in rats' microsomes, that may be an evidence of activation of antioxidant defense system. Majority of proteomic markers (C-type lectin, SH2B1, protein phosphatase-1), which was investigated during taurine supplement, are rather identify features of energy homeostasis, than common assessment of apoptosis or expression certain set of proteins. This fact confirms the requirement of using proteomic diagnostic during nutriproteomic studies that allows defining efficiency and probable risks of using biological active substances in nutrition.

[Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on apoptosis, free radical oxidative processes and proteome pool of microsomal and cytosol fractions of hepatocytes using food ration with different lipid component].

Our aim was to analyze biochemical mechanism in regulation and adaptation to feeding with omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA plus coenzyme Q10-based diet in rats. The rats were supplemented with Co Q10 (100 mg/kg b.wt.) for 12 month. Male rats were fed a control, control + Q10, fish oil + Q10 palm oil + Q10 and flax oil + Q10 diet. The learning and tests were monitored in 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th month after the start of feeding. There was studied the content of lipid peroxidation products in the liver, the level of their potential substrates polyunsaturated fatty acids of omega-3 and omega-6 families and MEC (metabolism effectiveness coefficient) index value. Growth of relative number of hepatocyte in the state of late apoptosis has been detected in rats receiving fish oil, linseed oil and palm oil as compared to the control group at the age of 1 and 3 months. In later period no differences in the invested indices, that can be the result of impact of CoQ10 and adaptation of organism to diet. Proteomic studies of microsomal fraction of hepatocytes in rats have found differences in the manifestation of catalase and cetochrome b5, associated both with age of animals and type of fat in diet. Proteomic analysis of cytosolic fraction revealed the expression of c-type lectin in the later stages of ontogeny. The levels of lipid peroxidation markers obtain to minimum at 3 month in serum and at 6 month in liver. The specific proteomic changes of influence of diet composition were identified during the research.

[The effect of fatty component of diet and coenzyme Q10 on rat sufficiency with vitamins-antioxidans in chronic experiments].

The full replacement of fatty component of a diet (10% of feed mass, sunflower-seed oil and lard 1:1) on enriched with alpha-tocopherol acetate fish oil or on linen oil under additional coenzyme Q10 intake (100 mg per 1 kg body weight) within 12 months led to a significant vitamin A blood serum decrease on 23-31%, 2-2,8 fold fall of vitamin E blood serum level and vitamin C rat liver diminution due to significant dehydroascorbic acid reduction on 28-45%. In both cases, the intensification of POL was not observed. The use of palm-oil as a fatty component led to a significant vitamin A blood serum decrease on 31%, but didn't effect on all other investigated parameters. The deterioration of antioxidant status indexes (MDA in blood serum and liver and diene conjugates in serum), observed after 3 months of the additional PUFA omega-3 introduction into the diet under coenzyme Q10 intake, after the 12-month use of modified diet leveled. Age increase of vitamin A blood serum concentration in rats fed diets with high PUFA omega-3 content was 2-fold higher and amounted to 68-78% compared to 31-33% in the control group of rats and rats treated with palm oil. Alpha-Tocopherol serum content was significantly increased in all groups with increasing of rats age. 8,9 fold elevation was observed in the group of animals treated with linseed oil, and 2,5-3,2 fold in all other groups. The conclusion about the necessity of supplementary intake of vitamin E or a complex of vitamins-antioxidants under enrichment of a diet with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has been done.

[Relationship between changes in peroxide oxidation lipoide index, coenzyme Q10 and free fatty acids by of rats depending of fatty acid component in the ration].

Ontogenetic peculiarities of relationship concentration of coenzyme (K0) Q10, peroxide oxidation lipoide (POL) content, peroxidation index (PI), concentration of omega 3 and omega 6 PUFA and saturated fatty acid in blood serum and liver of rats of 1, 3, 9 and 12 months old are studied. In blood serum pronounced riverse dependence was discovered between K0Q10 concentration and POL process intensivety in rats of 3 to 6 month old, fed palm and linseed oil. Direct relationship was established between TBA-active products in liver of all animal groups and peroxidation index. Value PI can be used for evaluation of potential substrates of POL in experiments and for creation of ration with definite fatty acid composition.

[Effect of fatty component in ration and coenzyme Q10 on indices of rat lipid metabolism in ontogenesis].

The studies made on rats of 1, 3, 6 and 12 months with fish, palm and linseed oil included in the ration in combination of KoQ10, showed that beginning from young age till 12 months fatty acid composition of liver depended of fat component in the ration. Long-term consumption of fish fat with age results in significant increase in omega 3 fatty acids. In this case the omega 6 fatty acids level remained rather high being indicative of organism adaptation and inclusion of compensatory mechanisms supporting the required level of omega 6. With rat age the content of of KoQ10 in liver of rats of the control group and animals fed by of KoQ10 and palm oil with of KoQ10 decreased by 15-27%, while the consumption of linseed oil and fish fat with tended to increase the content of KoQ10 by 30 and 35%, respectively.

[Effect of dietary fats and supplementary coenzyme Q10 on vitamin provision in animals].

The full replacement of fatty component of a diet (sunflower-seed oil and lard 1:1) on enriched with alpha-tocopherol acetate fish oil under additional coenzyme Q10 intake led to the strengthening of lipid peroxidation (LP) and to some decrease of vitamins A and E level in liver and blood serum whereas replacement by linen oil was accompanied by the expressed deterioration of these vitamins sufficiency, but didn't influence on the LP intensity. The use of palm-oil as a fatty component didn't effect on the investigated parameters. The influences of a fatty component on vitamins B1 and B2 level in rat liver and blood serum has not revealed.

[Effect of coenzyme Q10 and taurine on the availability of vitamins in the rat experiment].

It has been observed that coenzyme Q10 (100 mg per 1 kg body mass) and taurine (1% in drinking water) treatment of rats has differently directed effect on vitamin A and E level in liver and blood serum. Coenzyme Q10 consumption has been accompanied with a tendency to increasing or an increase of vitamin content, while taurine consumption lead to the reverse effect. Both coenzyme Q10 and taurine addition caused diene conjugates decrease in blood serum. Supplementary coenzyme Q10 or taurine intake did not influence on rat liver vitamin B1 and B2 content.

[Amaranths oil: peculiarities of chemical composition and influence on lipid metabolism by rats].

In experiment on rats it was shown a hypocholesterolemic effect of amaranth oil. The decrease of cholesterol lever in rat blood was not accompanied by its increasing in a liver. The turn from a model of hypercholesterolemia to the diet with amaranth oil also prodused decreasing of cholesterol lever in rat plasma and liver as compared with control animals. In the composition of rat liver sterins the increasing of plant sterins was observed that probably was due to squalene presense in amaranth oil.

[Study of metabolic and clinical effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 from "Eicovit" in patients with ischemic heart disease and familial hyperlipoproteinemia]. / Izuchenie kliniko-metabolicheskikh éffektov PNZhK omega-3, soderzhashchikhsia v "Eikovite", u bol'nikh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa i semeinymi giperlipoproteidemiiami.

The influence of antiatherosclerotic diet with including 15 g preparation "Eikovit" containing fat of freshwater fish on fat acid composition of erythrocytes membrane was studied in 399 patients with ishemic heart disease and hyperlipidemia. Against a background of positive influence on clinical symptoms of diseases, lipids of blood serum, homeostasis expressed influence of PUFA omega-3 in "Eikovit" on biomembrane fat acid composition was noted. It was shown sharp increasing a quota an eicosapentaenic acid by simultaneous reducing PUFA omega-6 level.

[Lipid peroxidation in patients with ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia and/or hypertension while polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids of plant and animal origin were in their diet]. / Izuchenie intensivnosti protsessov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov pri ispol'zovanii polinenasishchennyx zhirnyx kislot semeistva omega-3 rastitel'nogo i zhivotnogo proiskhozhdeniia v dietoterapii

Usage of antisclerotic diet with PUFA n-3 from vegetable or animal source in 326 patients with IHD, HL and HBP resulted in positive dynamic of clinical manifestation, blood lipids and coagulogramms of the patients. The favorable changes of membrane lipids and the decrease of intensity of lipid peroxidation was also revealed. The decrease of primary and secondary metabolites of lipid peroxidation could be a result of hypolipidemic effect of the diets and sufficient level of vitamin E. We suppose that vitamin A and b-carotene content of butter "Laplandia" had additional mild antioxidant influence.

[Effect of antiatherosclerotic diet, containing polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 family from flax oil, on fatty acid composition of cell membranes of patients with ischemic heart disease. Hypertensive disease and hyperlipoproteinemia]. / Vliianie protivoateroskleroticheskoi diety, soderzhashchei polinenasyshchennye zhirnye kisloty semeistva omega-3 l'nianogo masla, bol'nykh ishemischekoi bolezn'iu i giperlipoproteidemiiami.

Use flax oil as a vegetative source of PUFA omega-3 in diet of patients with ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia and high blood pressure resulted in positive dynamic of clinical manifestation, blood lipids and coagulograms of the patient. Pronounced influence on membrane lipids of erythrocytes was revealed: significantly increased a quota an linolenic, eicosapentaenic and docosahexaenic PUFA against a background of reducing a level of linoleic acid.

[Use of the fish oil "Polyen" in pediatric practice]. / Opyt primeneniia ryb'ego zhira "polien" v pediatricheskoi praktike.

The effects of supplementation of basic diets with 'Polyen' in daily doses of 2.5-4.0 g during 30-40 days together with antioxidants were studied in patients with kidney diseases (diet No7, n = 14), different allergies (hypoallergenic diet, n = 37) and in control children (n = 12). It was shown positive dynamics in fatty acid contents in plasma and red blood cell membranes, in humoral and cell immunity indicators and in improving of clinical symptoms of diseases. 'Polyen' is recommended for wide use in pediatric practice.

[Optimization of dietary fat composition in erosive and ulcerative diseases of the gastroduodenal area]. / Optimizatsiia zhirovoi chasti ratsiona pri érozivno-iazvennykh porazheniiakh gastroduodenal'noi zony.

Fish oil preparation "Polyen" was used for treatment 21 patients with ulcerative diseases of the stomach or duodenum. The cicatrization of ulcer was diagnosed in 85% of patients treated by "Polyen" and in 60% of those who did not take fish oil. "Polyen" influenced fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes and lipid peroxidation. Authors draw a conclusion that omega-3 PUFA's can stimulate the reparative processes.

[Dietary plant phospholipids as stabilizers of oil solutions of beta-carotene]. / Fosfolipidy rastitel'nye pishchevye kak stabilizatory maslianykh rastvorov beta-karotina.

A study of stability of oil solutions beta-carotene to oxidizing damage is carried out. As stabilizers were used dietary plant phospholipids produced by Krasnodar's company ECOTECH in concentrations 5, 10, 20% in a combination with alpha-tocopherol. Oxidizing changes in samples were evaluated by determination of peroxide level ('peroxidation number') and contents diene conjugates. Effect of these antioxidants was studied in experiments with accelerated oxidation at 60 C in darkness during 15 days. Phospholipids entered in a sample acted as antioxidants. Reverse correlation was found between quantity added phospholipids an level of accumulated primary peroxidation products. It was shown that during experimental oxidation together with oxidizing damage of oil the loss of beta-carotene was also occurred: without antioxidants on 68%, with alpha-tocopherol alone on 27%, with phospholipids and alpha-tocopherol on 34%. Phospholipids protect an oil from oxidizing damage not rendering of direct action on safety (-carotene being only as synergists in a combination with alpha-tocopherol. Phospholipids increase thus antioxidant potentiation of a product lying as consider in the basis of antioxidant action of beta-carotene.

[The effect of the omega 6/omega 3 PUFA ratios in the rations of rats on the eicosanoid content in the blood plasma and liver]. / Vliianie sootonoshenii PNZhK omega 6/omega 3 v ratsionakh krys na soderzhanie éikozanoidov v plazme krovi i pecheni.

Purified diets for rats contained 24% fat, with presented with the mixture of sunflower and fish oils whose combination yielded ratios of omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acids equal to 99 0, 49 0, 5 2, 1.9 and 0.12. The alterations in fatty acid composition of blood plasma and the liver were noticed, which manifested in increased omega 3 fatty acid levels in proportion to their dietary content. The elevation of PUFA proportion in the diet increased TBA-reactive substances in the liver. Using radioimmunoassay the levels of PGF2 alpha, TxA2 and PGI2 were determined. The decrease of arachidonic acid as part of tissue lipids caused an inhibition of PGF2 alpha formation in the liver, TxA2 and PGI2 in blood plasma, that showed a possibility of influence the ratio omega 6/omega 3 PUFA in a diet on eicosanoid synthesis by substrate regulation. These results suggest that for characteristics of dietary fat the ratio omega 6/omega 3 PUFA as a criterion reflecting the biological action of two families of essential fatty acids should not be used.