ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This review aims to analyze the studies on cleaning practices and the efficiency of the cleaning carried out in environments that have a great risk of resistant microorganism infection, such as intensive care units. METHODS: In this study, a retrospective literature review was undertaken of the relevant publications between the years 2005 and 2020, using the keywords "Cross Infection, Infection Control, Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria, Intensive Care, Room Cleaning, Environmental Cleaning, Hospital-Associated Infection"; using the international databases Pubmed, CINAHL and EBSCO and domestic database ULAKBIM on search engines. Titles and abstracts of all relevant articles found on electronic searches were reviewed by the researchers independently. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guideline and Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Study design model were used in analysing the studies. RESULTS: The selected studies were reviewed in four main categories: Materials used in cleaning, the period between taking environmental samples, cleaning methods, and the efficiency of cleaning. Among the studies included herein, eight were randomized controlled trials, three were retrospective intervention studies, two were case-control studies and one was a retrospective cohort study. CONCLUSIONS: Today, the assessment of cleaning in environments can be evaluated by different methods, but there are advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Therefore, in the relevant literature, it is suggested that cleaning must be evaluated by several methods, not only one. Also, training the staff that carries out the cleaning and rewarding correct behavior by giving feedback are important approaches to increase the efficiency of cleaning. It is suggested that cleaning must be carried out every day, regularly with effective methods and equipment; frequency of cleaning during epidemics must be increased, institutions must prepare cleaning manuals according to evidence-based guidelines that are recognized at an international level.
Subject(s)
Cross Infection , Intensive Care Units , Cross Infection/microbiology , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Humans , Infection Control , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objectives: This review aims to analyze the studies on cleaning practices and the efficiency of the cleaning carried out in environments that have a great risk of resistant microorganism infection, such as intensive care units.Methods: In this study, a retrospective literature review was undertaken of the relevant publications between the years 2005 and 2020, using the keywords Cross Infection, Infection Control, Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria, Intensive Care, Room Cleaning, Environmental Cleaning, Hospital-Associated Infection; using the international databases Pubmed, CINAHL and EBSCO and domestic database ULAKBIM on search engines. Titles and abstracts of all relevant articles found on electronic searches were reviewed by the researchers independently. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guideline and Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Study design model were used in analysing the studies.Results: The selected studies were reviewed in four main categories: Materials used in cleaning, the period between taking environmental samples, cleaning methods, and the efficiency of cleaning. Among the studies included herein, eight were randomized controlled trials, three were retrospective intervention studies, two were case-control studies and one was a retrospective cohort study.Conclusions: Today, the assessment of cleaning in environments can be evaluated by different methods, but there are advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Therefore, in the relevant literature, it is suggested that cleaning must be evaluated by several methods, not only one. Also, training the staff that carries out the cleaning and rewarding correct behavior by giving feedback are important approaches to increase the efficiency of cleaning. It is suggested that cleaning must be carried out every day, regularly with effective methods and equipment; frequency of cleaning during epidemics must be increased, institutions
Objetivos: El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar los estudios sobre la práctica y la eficacia de la limpieza realizada en entornos con alto riesgo de infección por microorganismos resistentes, tales como las unidades de cuidados intensivos.Métodos: En este estudio se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de la literatura dentro de las publicaciones relacionadas entre los años 2005 y 2020, utilizando palabras clave tales como cross infection, infection control, multidrug-resistant bacteria, intensive care, room cleaning, environmental cleaning, hospital-associated infection (infección cruzada, control de infecciones, bacterias multirresistenes a los fármacos, cuidados intensivos, limpieza de habitaciones, limpieza ambiental, infección adquirida en los hospitales), utilizando bases de datos internacionales tales como Pubmed, CINAHL y EBSCO, y la base de datos nacional ULAKBIM en los motores de búsqueda. Los títulos y resúmenes de todos los artículos relacionados seleccionados en las búsquedas electrónicas fueron revisados por investigadores de manera independiente. Se utilizaron las directrices de The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols y el modelo del diseño Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Study para analizar los estudios.Resultados: Se revisaron los estudios seleccionados en 4 categorías principales: materiales utilizados en la limpieza, periodo transcurrido entre las tomas de muestras ambientales, métodos de limpieza y eficacia de la limpieza. Entre los estudios incluidos en la revisión 8 eran ensayos controlados aleatorizados, 3 eran estudios retrospectivos de intervención, 2 eran estudios de control de casos y uno era un estudio retrospectivo de cohorte.
Subject(s)
Humans , Intensive Care Units , Cross Infection , Infection Control , Housekeeping, Hospital , Retrospective Studies , PubMedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This review aims to analyze the studies on cleaning practices and the efficiency of the cleaning carried out in environments that have a great risk of resistant microorganism infection, such as intensive care units. METHODS: In this study, a retrospective literature review was undertaken of the relevant publications between the years 2005 and 2020, using the keywords "Cross Infection, Infection Control, Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria, Intensive Care, Room Cleaning, Environmental Cleaning, Hospital-Associated Infection"; using the international databases Pubmed, CINAHL and EBSCO and domestic database ULAKBIM on search engines. Titles and abstracts of all relevant articles found on electronic searches were reviewed by the researchers independently. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guideline and Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Study design model were used in analysing the studies. RESULTS: The selected studies were reviewed in four main categories: Materials used in cleaning, the period between taking environmental samples, cleaning methods, and the efficiency of cleaning. Among the studies included herein, eight were randomized controlled trials, three were retrospective intervention studies, two were case-control studies and one was a retrospective cohort study. CONCLUSIONS: Today, the assessment of cleaning in environments can be evaluated by different methods, but there are advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Therefore, in the relevant literature, it is suggested that cleaning must be evaluated by several methods, not only one. Also, training the staff that carries out the cleaning and rewarding correct behavior by giving feedback are important approaches to increase the efficiency of cleaning. It is suggested that cleaning must be carried out every day, regularly with effective methods and equipment; frequency of cleaning during epidemics must be increased, institutions must prepare cleaning manuals according to evidence-based guidelines that are recognized at an international level.
ABSTRACT
We compared the efficiency of progesterone vaginal gel (PVG) with intramuscular progesterone (IMP) supplementation for luteal phase support after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist cycles. The treatment outcomes were similar for PVG and IMP for luteal support in GnRH-antagonist protocols. With its ease of use, high tolerability by patients, and fewer side effects, PVG can be a successful alternative to IMP.
