[Use of bone blocks by sinus floor lifting].

The paper presents clinical cases illustrating two sinus floor lifting technique performed for dental implant placement in areas with maxillary sinus floor atrophy: bone block fixation for vertical augmentation (used for immediate implant placement by sinus floor atrophy to 1 mm thickness) and perforation closure. Sinus floor perforations wider than 5 mm were repaired by mandible bone graft providing the possibility of immediate implantation. Bone block was fixed between cortical layers of the maxilla with no internal fixation. Free bone blocks provide additional primary stability of dental implants.

[Reconstruction techniques preparing jaws for fixed dentures placement].

Dental implantation is a widespread method of dental arch reconstruction. Alveolar bone quantity in implantation area is crucial for proper implant placement. The paper presents author's experience in alveolar bone reconstruction with mandibular autografts, bone height reconstruction with parietal partial thickness grafts, as well as jaw defects reconstruction with microvascular flaps with subsequent implantation.

[Use of fissured mandible autotransplants for eye socket walls reconstruction].

Mandible cortical spongy autotransplants were used for a long period of time in dentoalveolar surgery for alveolar process reconstruction with the aim to prepare for implantation and prosthesis making. For the first time in our country mandible transplants were used by us for eye socket walls defects of traumatic and posttraumatic origin. In the article the results of the use of parietal and mandible spongy-cortical transplants with the aim to reconstruct eye socket in cases of isolated fractures.

[Spiral computer tomography use on the treatment stages of patients with defects and deformations of face bones and soft tissues].

There are discussed possibilities of spiral computer tomography use in cases of defects and deformations of face bones and soft tissues elimination.

[Autobone transplants use for alveolar processes increase and repair of jaw bone defects in cases of dental implantations].

The results of surgical interventions with the use of autobone transplants carried out to increase alveolar processes and to repair different jaw bone defects of different etiology with application of dental implantation method for the period 2000-2005 were presented and compared.

[Clinical and X-ray assessment of different modes for correcting orbital bottom defects in posttraumatic deformities of the middle one-third of the facial skeleton].

The paper describes the evolution and consequences of different modes of eliminating orbital bottom defects and deformities that develop in posttraumatic deformities due to bone fractures of the facial mid-skeleton. Spiral computed tomography of this portion of the facial skeleton has demonstrated that the optimum results of restoration of the orbital bottom and those of elimination of eyeball displacement give the use of osteoplasty with a split parietal bone graft.

[Some topical problems in the use of spiral computed tomography in the treatment of patients with posttraumatic deformities of the middle and upper third of the facial skull].

The paper presents a procedure for examining patients with posttraumatic deformities of the middle and upper third of the facial skull on a spiral computed tomograph and the schemes for estimating the size of enophthalmos, which permit elimination of eyeball recession.

[Simultaneous repair of the zygomatico-naso-orbital complex by free bone and cartilage autotransplants]. / Odnomomentnaia rekonstruktsiia skulonosoglaznichnogo kompkeksa s ispol'zovaniem svobodnykh kostnykh i khriashchevykh autotransplantatov.

A method for simultaneous surgical treatment of various types of injuries of bone and soft-tissue structures of the zygomatico-naso-orbital area is presented. Special attention is paid to repair of posttraumatic eno- and hypophthalmos. A total of 42 patients were operated on by the proposed methods at Central Institute of Dentistry in 1998-2002. The injuries were diagnosed using computer-aided tomography of the facial skeleton. Bone tissue defects were repaired by free bone autotransplants of the parietal bone, ileac bone crest, tibial bone, autotransplants of the rib and auricular cartilage. Coronary, oral, subciliary accesses are recommended; endonasal access can be used if necessary. The complex approach presented in this report is recommended for repair of posttraumatic deformations and defects and for the treatment of fresh injuries of this location.

[Results of the facial skull bone defects and deformations repair by modern methods for plasty and fixation of bone fragments]. / Kliniko-rentgenologicheskii analiz rezul'tatov ustraneniia defectov i deformatsii kostei litsevogo cherepa s ispol'zovaniem sovremennykh sposobov plastiki i fiksatsii kostnykh fragmentov.

Methods of reconstructive maxillofacial operations bringing about the best functional and esthetic results are analyzed. Surgical methods for repair of maxillofacial bone defects and deformations with the use of transplants and different methods of their fixation depending on the tissues at the site of defect (deformation) in patients with acquired and congenital abnormalities of the facial skull have been developed and are used at Central Institute of Dentistry. Osteosynthesis using titanium constructions and compression-distraction devices is acknowledged as an effective method of bone repair operations on the face. It notably reduces the duration of operation and prevents the relapse of the deformation. Analysis was carried out on extensive clinical data (more than 1000 patients), which allowed an objective evaluation of remote results of plastic repair of bones and helped define the indications and contraindications for such operations.

[Results of prosthetic treatment of the temporomandibular joint at the Central Institute of Dentistry]. / Rezul'taty ispol'zovaniia protezov visochno-nizhnecheliustnogo sustava v klinike Tsentral'nogo NII Stomatologii.

Immediate and late results of reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint with endoprostheses of the condylar processes are analyzed. Types of condylar process endoprostheses are described. The most characteristic complications of the immediate and late postoperative periods are described.

[Latest progress in maxillofacial X-ray study and surgery in treatment of congenital and acquired deformities of viscera cranium in adults]. / Noveishie dostizheniia cheliustno-litsevoi rentgenologii i khirurgii pri lechenii vrozdennykh i priobretennykh deformatsii litsevogo cherepa u vzroslykh.

The communication outlines the present-day potentialities of X-ray diagnosis and maxillofacial surgery in recognizing and treating congenital and acquired deformities of the visceral cranium.

[A clinical x-ray analysis of the results of using titanium mandibular endoprostheses]. / Kliniko-rentgenologicheskii analiz rezul'tatov ispol'zovaniia titanovykh éndoprotezov nizhnei cheliusti.

Late results of repair surgery are analyzed in 40 patients with segmented mandibular defects of different origin. Titanium constructions were used for repair of defects in 21 patients and in 19 others combined endoprostheses were used, consisting of the crest of the patient's iliac bone and a titanium carcass. Check-ups 1.5-2 years after repair showed a higher reliability of combined endoprostheses.

[The use of orthotopic titanium designs for the elimination of mandibular defects]. / Ispol'zovanie ortotopicheskikh titanovykh konstruktsii dlia utsraneniia defektov nizhnei cheliusti.

The proposed titanium design offers new possibilities for primary and secondary mandibular bone repair. Operations using endoprostheses were performed in 31 patients, the esthetic and functional results are satisfactory.

[The potentials of nerve neurotization in the treatment of patients with facial paralysis]. / Vozmozhnosti neironevrotizatsii pri lechenii bol'nykh s litsevymi paralichami.

Variants of nerve neurotization are described. Indications for their use are defined and potentialities of nerve neurotization assessed. Clinical results demonstrate its efficacy both in cases with facial paralysis and with partial ptosis of the upper eyelids or paralysis of the tongue.