ABSTRACT
The urofacial syndrome (Ochoa syndrome) is considered to represent a subgroup of the non-neurogenic bladder dysfunction, characterized by non-neuropathic bladder-sphincter dysfunction, along with a characteristic inversion of the facial expression with laughing. Recent research suggests that it is probably a genetic inherited disease transmitted in an autosomal recessive fashion and might represent a distinct entity. We report a case of this syndrome in a 14-year-old boy who presented with left pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis, and bladder dilation.
Subject(s)
Hydronephrosis/diagnosis , Pyelonephritis/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/diagnosis , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis , Urology/methods , Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics , Adolescent , Diagnosis, Differential , Facial Expression , Facies , Humans , Male , Urinary Bladder/physiopathology , Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/pathology , Urologic Diseases/pathologyABSTRACT
The urofacial syndrome is probably a subset of neurogenic bladder dysfunction syndromes characterized by detrusor-sphincter discoordination along with a characteristic inversion of facial expression with laughing. This characteristic facial expression can facilitate early detection of this disorder, which leads to poor bladder emptying with high residual urine, hydro-nephrosis with vesico-ureteral reflux and potentially renal failure if left untreated. The etiology of the urofacial syndrome is unknown. In our case, a 12-year-old boy of Middle-Eastern origin presented to the Outpatient Department of our hospital with left pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis and bladder dilatation. Voiding cystourethrography performed 15 days later revealed left vesicoureteral reflux. Cystoscopy revealed bladder trabeculation however an anatomic urethral obstruction was not noticed. Both, neurological examination and radiography of the lumbosacral spine were normal. Urodynamic evaluation revealed the typical findings of detrusor-sphincter discoordination.
ABSTRACT
The introduction and common use of serum PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) has been demonstrated a useful index on latent prostate cancer diagnostic but in the same time has increased surgical intervention on histological forms with no eventual future evolution. Benign comportment of latent carcinomas being well known in advance, we correlated in vitro serum PSA from latent tumors, with the samples from a control group (prostates without signs of malignization). Levels of PSA were slightly elevated compared to age norms, mainly in cases with a large coexistent hypertrophy. Our reduced sample does not stand any statistic analysis, but this observation could eventually explain increased diagnostic and hyper-treatment of non-important carcinomas from a clinical point of view.
