ABSTRACT
The destruction of initial biocenoses in the ecosystem of the Verkhnetulomsky Water Reservoir caused deep succession processes. As a result of the loss of the amphipod group in the benthos, replacement of the trophic links in fishes took place in the biocenosis of the reservoir. Benthos feeders changed over to the feeding on zooplankton and, as a result, became the constituent of the predators'diet. The structure of parasitic systems has changed. The parasites using amphipods as intermediate hosts have been and, on the contrary, the abundance of parasites infesting fishes through feeding of the latter on zooplankton has increased. Among the parasites, Triaenophorus crassus Forel became the cause of the appearance of stable triaenophorosis focus.
Subject(s)
Cestoda/isolation & purification , Cestode Infections/veterinary , Ecosystem , Esocidae/parasitology , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Rivers/parasitology , Salmonidae/parasitology , Animals , Cestode Infections/parasitology , Parasite Egg Count , RussiaABSTRACT
A system of controlling the perfusion parameters and the efficacy of extracorporeal gas exchange is described. The system has been developed and employed for the control and regulation of gas exchange in the MOST-122 oxygenators manufactured in the USSR and based on selective composition membranes. The system allows an expeditious assessment of gas exchange disorders which may occur during AC and extracorporeal oxygenation as well as their high-accuracy correction, reaching optimal modes of ventilation.
Subject(s)
Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods , Oxygenators, Membrane , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The first industrial Soviet membrane oxygenator "MOCT-122" was used for extracorporeal CO2 elimination lasting for several (up to 24) hours, in 4 patients with severe asthmatic status. This led to hypercapnia liquidation and optimization of an intensive regimen of controlled lung ventilation, which made it possible to perform effective tracheobronchial lavage in the most favourable conditions. No complications of assisted veno-venous perfusion have been observed as a result of therapeutic procedures performed. Third degree asthmatic status was arrested in all the patients and they were discharged from hospital in a satisfactory condition.
Subject(s)
Critical Care , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation , Status Asthmaticus/therapy , Adult , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/instrumentation , Female , HumansABSTRACT
Analysed were 3700 case records of the patients suffering from diabetes mellitus in order to establish direct indications for transplantation of small pancreatic segments. In procurement of the pancreas from 86 cadavers, it was established, that the subjects at the age under 40 were the ideal donors. In 34 experiments, the possibility of the performance of adequate conservation of the pancreas up to 6-8 h by the perfusion-free hypothermic method, intraorganic normothermal perfusion, transplant placing into the continuously oxygenated perfluoran solution or diluted blood, or in combined use of the two latter methods is shown. The results of 40 experiments on the dogs indicate that preservation and transplantation of 1/4-1/8 of the pancreatic mass are sufficient for maintaining normoglycemia.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/surgery , Graft Survival/physiology , Pancreas Transplantation/methods , Pancreas/blood supply , Splenic Artery/transplantation , Adult , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , Humans , Microsurgery/methods , Pancreas/physiopathology , Pancreas Transplantation/physiology , Suture TechniquesABSTRACT
The article considers the indications and possibilities of using the device for flowing extracorporeal ultraviolet radiation of blood. The uniformity of the radiation of blood in the proposed device provides an annular gap of the quartz dish with the partition in the shape of a spiral. It makes it possible to expose a larger part of the blood content of an organism simultaneously making use of various perfused methods of its detoxication.
Subject(s)
Blood Transfusion, Autologous , Blood/radiation effects , Extracorporeal Circulation , Ultraviolet Therapy/instrumentation , HumansABSTRACT
The article considers the peculiarities and fields of application of the one-time membrane oxygenators MOST-1801 and MOST-1903 which are combined with heat exchangers and have a capacity of 100 and 500 ml/min respectively. The unified membrane elements employed in the design are used in the membrane oxygenator MOST intended for fully artificial blood circulation. The low-rate membrane oxygenators MOST have been tested by experiment.
Subject(s)
Hypoxia/therapy , Oxygenators, Membrane , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Ventilators, Mechanical , Hot Temperature , Humans , RheologySubject(s)
Extracorporeal Circulation/methods , Oxygenators, Membrane , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Acute Disease , Adult , Child , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Extracorporeal Circulation/adverse effects , Extracorporeal Circulation/trends , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Lung/physiopathology , Oxygenators, Membrane/adverse effects , Perfusion/methods , Respiratory Insufficiency/physiopathology , RiskABSTRACT
An analysis of hydraulic cyclograms of perfusion blood-pumps (A. A. Pisarevski et al., 1970) and characteristics of polymeric main lines in artificial blood-circulation units (A. A. Pisarevski et al., 1971) suggested that a reverse-acting valve placed at the outlet of the pressure pump will decrease regurgitation into its elastic chamber at the moment when the cycle is completed: it will increase the occlusion pump discharge during contraction, or even more, will lessen the variable pressure component behind the pump. This was confirmed by the roller-pump test with or without a valve at the pump outlet. The article presents the test method, types and functional assessment of the valves tested and the design of a newly developed petal-slotted V-shaped valve. Its comparison with other valve designs showed the best hydraulic features.
Subject(s)
Heart-Lung Machine/instrumentationABSTRACT
To conduct an auxiliary extracorporeal oxygenation in acute respiratory incompetence in young children a perfusion system with a small primary charging volume is proposed. The system was tested in an experiment and clinically in an infant with mass of 4.5 kg. The auxiliary oxygenation lasted for 73 1/2 hours. The operating characteristics of the perfusion system with a "Lande-Edwards" diaphragmatic oxygenator and its schematic diagram are described.
Subject(s)
Oxygenators/instrumentation , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Acute Disease , Assisted Circulation/instrumentation , Child , HumansABSTRACT
Single-use membraneous oxygenators "Teflo" (TMO) and bubble oxygenator "Variflow" (VF-1) issued by "Travenol" firm were used on 30 patients in open-heart operations with extracorporal circulation. A comparative assessment of working, technical and functional performances of these devices against the foam-membraneous oxygenator (FMO) of "AIK-5m" apparatus proved the reliability, safety, feasibility and high effectiveness of the single-use oxygenating systems, membraneous oxygenator in particular, which is the most promising one for the use in extracorporal circulation.
Subject(s)
Cardiac Surgical Procedures/instrumentation , Heart-Lung Machine/instrumentation , Membranes, Artificial , Oxygenators , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Middle Aged , USSRABSTRACT
Three modifications of a stationary membranous oxygenator (SMO) with utilization of new selective compositional membranes were developed. Test procedures for the SMO in the system gas-gas and gas-blood on a stand and in acute experiments on animals are described. The results obtained demonstrated that as concerns the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as the stability in operation it is the model with the projections coincidently positioned on the upper and lower membranes whereby the peripheral blood is fed most efficiently.
Subject(s)
Oxygenators, Membrane , Animals , Dogs , Evaluation Studies as TopicABSTRACT
The paper reviews and anlyses the most widespread up-to-date designs of membranous oxygenators. On an example of some types of membraneous oxygenators and their functional characteristics basic parameters for a comparative evaluation and choice of the "membranous lung" and its effective utilization have been deduced, viz. the circulation rate, the rate of the oxygen and carbon dioxide transport (per 1 m2 of the oxygenating surface), pressure differential, primarily filled up volume and oxygen consumption. The authors underline the need for determining the efficiency of the oxygenator with reference to O2 and CO2 and standard values of unsaturated blood indices. With due regard for promising trends in the future development of artificial "membranous lungs" features that may be of use in the classification of membraneous oxygenators have been systematized.
