ABSTRACT
Free radicals are one of the frequent products of normal cellular metabolism. Disparity of metabolism and excessive generation of free radicals predisposes to disorders like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and aging phenomenon. Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. is known for "adaptogen" and "aphrodisiac" activity and has been proved for antiasthmatic, estrogenic, antiosteoporotic activity along with protection from cisplatin-induced cell damage. C. orchioides was powdered and subjected to soxhlet extraction using methanol. Phytochemical studies and estimation of polyphenols and flavonoids was performed. Acute toxicity studies were performed by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OECD guidelines. Animals were treated with cyclophosphamide to induce neurotoxicity. Curculigo orchioides was powdered and subjected to soxhlet extraction using methanol. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and lipid peroxidation were estimated by reported methods. C. orchioides (400 mg/kg) significantly promoted restoration of catalase (P < 0.005), superoxide dismutase (P < 0.005), and glutathion (P < 0.05) levels. Similarly, a very significant decrease (P < 0.005) in the levels of malondialdehyde was observed. In all cases as mentioned previously, C. orchioides at dose 200 mg/kg promoted significant (P < 0.05) restoration of enzyme levels. C. orchioides (Kali Musli) is rich source of phytochemicals like flavonoids and polyphenols. Flavonoids and polyphenols are reputed to demonstrate neuroprotective effect. These phytochemicals in the present study might be responsible to demonstrate neuroprotective effect.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Although cyclophosphamide (CP), an alkylating agent, is used in the treatment of cancer owing to its broad-spectrum efficacy, its metabolites exhibit severe undesired toxicities in normal cells. The present study was aimed to investigate the chemoprotective potential of Coccinia indica against CP-induced oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rodents were orally pre-treated with Coccinia indica extract (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) for five consecutive days. On 5th day, these animals were injected with CP (50 mg/kg i.p) and sacrificed after 24 hrs. for the evaluation of oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, micronucleus formation, and chromosomal aberrations. RESULTS: We found that the CP significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased catalase and glutathione (GSH) levels in brain, and it was significantly reversed by Coccinia indica extract (400 and 600 mg/kg). Further, pre-treatment with Coccinia indica extract (200, 400, 600 mg/kg) significantly and dose-dependently reduced micronuclei formation and incidence of aberrant cells. We also found that the CP-induced increase in the serum biomarker enzymes like alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alkaline aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly reduced by Coccinia indica extract. CONCLUSION: Thus, the present results indicate the protective effect of Coccinia indica extract against CP-induced oxidative stress, genotoxicity, as well as hepatotoxicity.
Subject(s)
Antimutagenic Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/toxicity , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control , Cucurbitaceae/chemistry , Cyclophosphamide/toxicity , Liver/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Catalase/metabolism , Chromosome Aberrations , Glutathione/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Male , Mice , Micronucleus Tests , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
This study was designed to examine the antioxidant defense by chloroform extract of Calotropis gigantea on streptozotocin-(40mg/kg, intraperitonial, single-injection) induced diabetes in wistar albino rats. The extract significantly (P < .05) decreased the pancreatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels and significantly (P < .05) increased the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels as compared to above levels in pancreatic tissue of pathogenic diabetic rats. The results of test drug were comparable to Glibenclamide (5mg/kg, daily), a standard antihyperglycemic agent. The study concludes that Calotropis gigantea enhances the antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species produced under hyperglycemic condition and this protects ß-cells against loss, and exhibit antidiabetic property.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Calotropis , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Administration, Oral , Animals , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Biomarkers/metabolism , Calotropis/chemistry , Chloroform , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Flowers/chemistry , Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism , Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology , Male , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Streptozocin , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The topical anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil of Pistacia lentiscus L. was studied using carrageenan induced rat paw edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma. The effect on serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rats inserted with cotton pellet was also investigated. On topical application, the oil exhibited a significant decrease in paw edema. The oil also inhibited cotton pellet-induced granuloma, and reduced serum TNF-alpha and IL-6. It can be concluded that the essential oil of Pistacia lentiscus reduces leukocyte migration to the damaged tissue and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Pistacia/chemistry , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Inflammation/drug therapy , Inflammation/metabolism , Interleukin-6/genetics , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Oils/chemistry , Rats , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/geneticsABSTRACT
The topical antiinflammatory activity of the essential oil of Myrtus communis L. was studied using croton oil induced ear edema and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in mice, and cotton pellet induced granuloma, and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rats. On topical application, the oil exhibited a significant decrease in the ear edema as well as MPO activity. The oil also inhibited cotton pellet-induced granuloma and serum TNF-alpha and IL-6. It can be concluded that the essential oil of Myrtus communis reduces leukocyte migration to the damaged tissue and exhibits antiinflammatory activity.
