ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of pneumoperitoneum on lung mechanics, end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2), arterial blood gases (ABG), and oxidative stress markers in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) by using lung-protective ventilation strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-six patients undergoing LC and abdominal wall hernia (AWH) surgery were assigned into 2 groups. Measurements and blood samples were obtained before, during pneumoperitoneum, and at the end of surgery. BALF samples were obtained after anesthesia induction and at the end of surgery. RESULTS: Peak inspiratory pressure, ETCO2, and pCO2 values at the 30th minute were significantly increased, while there was a significant decrease in dynamic lung compliance, pH, and pO2 values in LC group. In BALF samples, total oxidant status (TOS), arylesterase, paraoxonase, and malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased; the glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly decreased in LC group. The serum levels of TOS and paraoxonase were significantly higher at the end of surgery in LC group. In addition, arylesterase level in the 30th minute was increased compared to baseline. Serum paraoxonase level at the end of surgery was significantly increased when compared to AWH group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed negative effects of pneumoperitoneum in both lung and systemic levels despite lung-protective ventilation strategy.
Subject(s)
Oxidative Stress/physiology , Pneumoperitoneum/complications , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Adult , Aryldialkylphosphatase/metabolism , Blood Gas Analysis , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry , Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/metabolism , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/adverse effects , Female , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Humans , Male , Malondialdehyde/analysis , Pneumoperitoneum/physiopathology , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
AIM: Interruption of blood flow may result in considerable tissue damage via ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury-induced oxidative stress in brain tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Ebselen treatment in short-term global brain I/R injury in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 27 Wistar-albino rats, divided into three groups including Sham group (n = 11), I/R group (n = 8) and I/R+Ebselen group (n = 8). RESULTS: Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly increased in I/R group in comparison with the Sham group and I/R+Ebselen group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly lower in I/R group in comparison to both Sham (p < 0.001) and I/R+Ebselen (p < 0.01) groups. Similarly, SOD activity was decreased in I/R+Ebselen group when compared with Sham group (p < 0.001). Sham and I/R groups were similar in terms of nitric oxide (NO) levels. In contrast, the NO level was lower in I/R+Ebselen group when compared with Sham (p < 0.001) and I/R (p < 0.01) groups. There was no significant difference among the groups in terms of glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities. In histopathological examination, the brain tissues of rats that received Ebselen showed morphological improvement. CONCLUSION: Ebselen has neuron-protective effects due to its antioxidant properties as shown by the decrease in MDA overproduction, increase in SOD activity and the histological improvement after administration of Ebselen to I/R in brain tissue.
Subject(s)
Azoles/pharmacology , Azoles/therapeutic use , Brain Ischemia/pathology , Brain/drug effects , Organoselenium Compounds/pharmacology , Organoselenium Compounds/therapeutic use , Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy , Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Animals , Brain/metabolism , Brain Ischemia/drug therapy , Catalase/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Isoindoles , Male , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Statistics, Nonparametric , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolismABSTRACT
Hepatic hydatid cyst (HC) caused by Echinococcus granulosus is still endemic in many parts of the world, and it is a common health problem, especially in developing countries. The rupture of the HC can cause anaphylactic shock or even death during surgical treatment. We present a case report regarding anaphylactic reaction due to surgery to the liver for HC which has an aberrant venous drainage incidentally detected during surgical operation in a 50-year old female patient. She was successfully treated with adrenaline, antihistamines, steroids, colloid or crystalloid fluids. After the surgery, she was transferred from the intensive care unit to the surgical ward on the first postoperative day. The possibility of anaphylaxis should be kept in mind; despite all the precautionary measures, nonrupture of the hydatic cyst and absence of spillage of the cyst to the circulation or into the surrounding tissues, anaphylaxis can still occur. Therefore, close monitoring for early diagnosis and appropriate management of anaphylaxis are essential to stabilize the patient and produce the best outcome.
ABSTRACT
The conduction velocity along the nociceptive flexor reflex afferent nerve fibres was investigated in human subjects. The posterior tibal nerve was stimulated at two sites by single painful electrical shocks of 1.0 ms duration and with adequate intensity and the reflex EMG discharges were recorded from the short head of the biceps femoris muscle. The fastest reflex conduction velocity along the posterior tibial nerve between the ankle and the popliteal fossa was about 10-25 m/s. Thus the fastest flexor reflex afferent fibres associated with a painful sensation were thought to be included in the A-delta group of cutaneous afferent nerve fibres.
