ABSTRACT
DS-8587 is a novel broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone with extended antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of DS-8587 against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii. The MIC range of DS-8587 against MDR A. baumannii was 0.25-2 mg/L. These DS-8587 MICs were a minimum of 16-fold or 8-fold more potent than ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin, respectively. Bactericidal activity, a 3 log10 reduction from the initial bacterial counts, was observed within 2 h for 1593644 and 4 h for 1593684 after exposure to DS-8587. Therapeutic efficacy of DS-8587 in the murine calf muscle model was observed at 256 mg/kg. The analysis of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic index revealed that the AUC/MIC ratio showed the best correlation with efficacy. The total and free drug AUC/MIC value required for a static effect was 29.4 and 14.1, respectively. These data indicate DS-8587 would be an effective agent against MDR A. baumannii infection.
Subject(s)
Acinetobacter Infections/drug therapy , Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Fluoroquinolones/pharmacology , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
We present here a new model of Legionella pneumophila lung infection in DBA/2 mice. By intranasal inoculation with 106 colony-forming units of L. pneumophila strain suzuki serogoup 1, persistent non-lethal lung infection was established as reflected by the detection of more than 10(4) CFU/lung of the organism 14 days after infection. Treatment of mice with cyclophosphamide before infection enhanced bacterial replication in the lungs and all cyclophosphamide-treated mice experienced lethal infection. Histopathologically, the course of non-lethal lung infection was characterized by early response of neutrophiles, then monocyte/macrophages response in the alveoli with disease progression, and diffuse alveolar wall thickening with lymphocyte migration at later phase of infection. Transmission electron microscopic evaluation of the lungs confirmed that L. pneumophila located intracellularly within neutrophiles and infrequently intracellular bacteria were observed undergoing binary fission. Therefore, the mouse model of replicative L. pneumophila lung infection provides method for evaluating pathogenesis of L. pneumophila lung infection and antibacterial therapy.
Subject(s)
Disease Models, Animal , Legionnaires' Disease , Mice, Inbred DBA , Animals , Cyclophosphamide , Disease Progression , Legionella pneumophila/growth & development , Legionnaires' Disease/microbiology , Legionnaires' Disease/pathology , Lung/microbiology , Lung/pathology , Lung/ultrastructure , Macrophages/pathology , Mice , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Neutrophil Infiltration , Neutrophils/microbiologyABSTRACT
The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of levofloxacin (LVFX), a quinolone antibacterial, against clinically isolated Legionella pneumophila were investigated in comparison with those of existing antimicrobial agents approved for legionnaires disease. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the agents against 42 strains of L. pneumophila isolated in Japan were determined using agar dilution methods with buffered starch yeast extract agar. MIC90 of LVFX was 0.03 microg/ml and this activity was similar to ciprofloxacin and pazufloxacin, and higher than telithromycin and minocycline. Therapeutic efficacy of LVFX was studied against a pneumonia model induced by intranasal of L. pneumophila strain suzuki serogoup 1 in DBA/2 mice. Therapeutic doses in mice were selected that would closely match human exposure profile, area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for a human oral dose of LVFX at 500 mg once a day. LVFX decreased significantly the bacterial burden in the lungs from the next day of commencing treatment. These results, including in vitro antibacterial activity against clinical isolates and therapeutic efficacy of a humanized dosing regimen, provide good evidence to support the use of LVFX at 500 mg once a day for treating patient with legionnaires disease.