[Crista galli pnevmatization: prevalence and clinical significance]. / Pnevmatizatsiya crista galli: rasprostranennost' i klinicheskoe znachenie.

OBJECTIVE: Determine the frequency of crista galli (crest of the rooster) pneumatization and the presence of communication of the pneumatized crista galli with the paranasal sinuses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Computed tomography data of the paranasal sinuses of 251 patients. The patients' age ranged from 23 to 70 years. Variations in crista galli were classified according to the degree of pneumatization. RESULTS: The pneumatic type of crista galli structure was observed in 14.7% of cases. The most commonly crista galli pneumatized had a connection with the frontal sinus. In some cases, in the presence of sinusitis, the crista galli cavity was involved in the inflammatory process. The article presents a case of inflammation of pneumatized crista galli, in which a patient complained of a stubborn headache in the frontal sinus. Attention is drawn to the importance of diagnosing this pathology using objective imaging methods. Videoendoscopy and computed tomography revealed crista galli pneumatization with thickening of the mucous membrane and the presence of fluid. As a result, the optimal surgical approach was chosen - transseptal dissection with removal of one of the walls of pneumatized crista galli.

[STATE OF ACTUAL FOOD ADULT WORKING POPULATION].

The aim of our study was to investigate the actual nutritional status of industrial workers; chemical composition, nutritional and energetic value of the daily food intake of 299 workers in western Kazakhstan. We used a food frequency questionnaire with 24-hour recall to get comprehensive information on the daily diet. Computer calculation was conducted for assessing dietary intake. We carried out calculation of daily food intake, nutrient chemical composition and calorific value by means of a computer program "Diet" (Astana, 2011). It was found that the consumptions of healthier foods is insufficient, food intake is not balanced, with a significant prevalence of protein and fat component. The specific recommendations were made in order to improve the dietary habits of workers.

[Real nutrition of adults and children population of Aktyubinsk Region of Republic of Kazakhstan].

AIM: study real nutrition of adults and children population of Aktyubinsk Region of Republic of Kazakhstan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 260 adults aged of 18-59 and 128 children aged of 10-17 years were under investigation. The adults were differentiated into three age groups: 18-29, 30-39 and 40-59 years. For studying real nutrition a daily energy need, protein content in rations, fats, carbohydrate and mineral substance - magnesium, iron, copper, zinc - were assesses by 24-hours nutrition reproduction method. Investigation was made by questionnaire of observed groups. RESULTS: according to power price and protein content the adults feeding is value and due to protein, content 10-12% from necessary daily energy is provided. In children and adolescents food ration of protein is 1.5 times below normal, real power price is 1.3 times below normal. Fats take a considerable part of food ration both in adults and in children and their amount is increased in 47.4% of men, 45.9% in women and about 50% in children instead of 30% of daily energy. Carbohydrates content in men and women is 1.4 times lower, they cover only 41,8% and 42.1% of energy while they must compose 56% from daily dose. Acute deficiency of carbohydrates intake is noticed in children in two times and power supply composes 39% against 55% of normal. Content mineral substances (magnesium, iron, copper and zinc) in rations adults and children reduced.

[Peculiarities of food status of children in different ecological conditions].

Features of the nutritional status of children living in different environmental conditions, are determined by such factors as the physical development of children, level of hemoglobin, serum iron and ferritin. More pronounced adverse effect on the nutritional status of children observed in the oil and gas processing regions and the Aral Sea region.

[The study of corrective role of plant--based drugs with antioxidant action in experimental intoxication with potassium dichromate].

The disturbance of the structure and function of pulmonary surfactant system (pSS) is an essential component of almost all pulmonary diseases. Chromium compounds have a damaging effect on the PSS, which contributes to the formation of nonspecific pulmonary diseases and a burden of chrome disease. The results showed that the oil of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L) protects PSS in chronic chrome intoxication.

[Effect of domestic gas on morphological and functional state of parenchymatous organs in rats].

The work is devoted to a study of morphological and functional changes in liver and kidneys in the simulation of subacute toxic exposure of rats to domestic gas in the experiment. In the course of studies found that the subacute intoxication by domestic gas and its metabolites were shown to causes profound structural and metabolic lesions of the liver and kidneys that can progress to develop the chronic liver and kidney insufficiency.

Revascularization in distal lesions of upper extremity arteries.

A study was made of the course of ischemia and hemodynamic disorders in 53 patients with occlusion of the distal arterial system of the upper extremities. Circulation was examined by ultrasound Doppler, tetrapolar rheology, transcutaneous oxymetry and angiography. Critical ischemia was discovered in 58.5% of patients. In occlusion of one of the forearm arteries, extremity circulation was made for. Circulatory decompensation was recorded in occlusion of both forearm arteries with intact distal bed and non-functioning palmar arches of the hand as well as in lesions of hand and finger arteries. All 53 patients were operated on, 66 operations were accomplished using magnifying optic appliances. Provided the distal bed was well preserved, use was made of direct revascularization techniques (36) whereas non-standard methods were employed in the event of its obliteration: arterialization of the outlets of the subcutaneous veins of the hand and autotransplantation of the greater omentum (30). Beneficial results were obtained in 91.5% and unsatisfactory in 8.5% of patients. The lethality accounted for 1.2% while the incidence of amputations was quoted as 5.7%. Good results offer the period as long as 5 years were well preserved in 87.6% of patients. Our experience indicates the efficacy of the use of revascularization techniques for the treatment of different versions of occlusion of the distal segments of upper extremity arteries.

[Chemical mucolysis and obliteration of the gallbladder lumen in high surgical risk patients (experimental study)]. / Khimicheskaia mukoklaziia i obliteratsiia prosveta zhelchnogo puzyria u bolnykh s vysokim operatsionnym riskom (éksperimentalnoe issledovanie).

A method for obliteration of the gallbladder, based on its mucoclasis with phenol preparations, was developed in experiments on unbred dogs. The safety of using preparations based on phenol for chemical demucosation of the gallbladder is demonstrated. The suggested method may serve as a prototype for the development of similar interventions in clinical practice in acute cholecystitis and cholelithiasis after endoscopic cholecystostomy and cholecystolithoextraction. The method was used in clinical practice in 3 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis and severe concomitant pathology and a high operative-anesthesiological risk.

[Effectiveness of the cooperative program of multifactorial prevention of ischemic heart disease (results of the 3-year study)]. / Effektivnost' kooperativnoi programmy mnogofaktornoi profilaktiki ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa (rezul'taty 3-letnego nabliudeniia).

The paper provides the results obtained in the course of the cooperative All-Union programme on multifactor prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD), which has been implemented over 3 years to examine the efficiency of preventive actions aimed at correcting the levels of CHD risk factors. The study was conducted in 6 centers of the country among a non-organized male population aged 40-59 years. The outcome of the preventive measures, largely nonpharmacological ones, made during 3 years suggests that the prevalence of the major CHD risk factors may be reduced in the population. The preventive actions are the most beneficial in arterial hypertension and smoking.

[Results of 5-year multifactorial primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in Tashkent]. / Rezul'taty 5-letnei mnogofaktornoi pervichnoi i vtorichnoi profilaktiki ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa v Tashkente.

The program of multifactorial primary prophylaxis was carried out for 5 years among the non-organized male population aged 40-59 years. A possibility of the disease control was demonstrated in respect to such risk factors as arterial hypertension and tobacco-smoking. No substantial changes were discovered in the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, overweight, low physical activity as well as in the lethality due to coronary heart disease or in the rate of new cases of myocardial infarction. In the group of patients suffering from coronary heart disease, measures aimed at multifactorial secondary prophylaxis promoted a significant reduction of the lethality due to that disease and of the rate of new cases of myocardial infarction since the third year of intervention.

[Effect of retinol, tocopherol and ascorbic acid on vitamin metabolism in experimental chromium poisoning and controlled diet]. / Vliianie retinola, tokoferola i askorbinovoi kisloty na metabolizm vitaminov pri eksperimental'noi khromovoi intoksikatsii na fone napravlennogo pitaniia.

The possibility of dietary correction of disorders in the metabolism of some fat- and water-soluble vitamins under chrome intoxication has been shown experimentally in August rats giver rations supplemented with fibers and antioxidant vitamins. The results obtained can be used as the theoretical ground for further improvement of nutrition for chrome industry workers.

[Vitamin status of workers in the chromium industry]. / Vitaminnyi status rabochikh, zaniatykh v khromovom proizvodstve.

The content of A, E, C, B2 and PP vitamins and their metabolites in the blood and urine as well as microsigns of vitamin deficiency were studied in workers engaged in chrome industry. Microsigns of vitamin deficiency were observed along with low levels of vitamins. This appears to be associated with increased physiological requirements in vitamins due to specific work of chrome industry personnel.

[2 years' results of the implementation of measures for the multi-factor prevention of ischemic heart disease in men aged 40-59 years]. / Dvukhletnie rezul'taty osushchestvleniia mer mnogofaktornoi profilaktiki ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa sredi muzhchin v vozraste 40-59 let.

During the implementation of active prophylactic measures of pharmacological and nonpharmacological nature in unorganized population for 2 yrs with respect to 5 CHD risk factors the authors observed a stable decrease in the percentage of persons with high arterial pressure (by 10%) and smoking (by 9.7%). Intense physical training decreased excess body mass resulting in a decrease in the mean level of arterial pressure, the level of cholesterol in the blood and an increase in physical working capacity.