The spousal factor in pilot stress.

This paper discusses the various occupational and non-occupational stresses faced by commercial aviators, with particular emphasis on the role of the pilot's spouse in the stress management equation. Using findings from scientific studies, we suggest that the spouse can be a major social support system for the aviator and a significant factor in the pilot's ability to deal effectively with psychosocial stress. We recommend that airlines develop programs that: a) honor (recognize) the spouses for their contribution to safe aircraft operation (by helping the aviator cope with stress more effectively); and b) make both husband and wife more aware of the special needs, concerns, and challenges that each partner faces in an "airline marriage." These programs are not intended to be counseling sessions or intrusions into the personal lives of the participants, but rather, opportunities for aviators and their spouses to become more aware of their dual role and contributions to effective stress management which, in turn, can enhance flight deck performance. One such program, already in use by an international airline, is described and discussed.

State hospital review boards in Minnesota.

For the past eight years Minnesota has had a review board for each state hospital serving the mentally ill and the mentally retarded. Each board consists of at least three individuals appointed by the commissioner of the department of public welfare. The board is an external review body in that members are not associated with the department or with the state hospital. It visits the hospital as frequently as required to review commitment papers and processes, assess the propriety of treatment procedures, ensure that each patient has an individualized treatment plan, interview patients and record their concerns, conduct a random review of patients' records, and meet with hospital staff. The board reports its findings to the commissioner and to the head of the hospital.