Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Poorly Controlled Diabetes Mellitus.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus(DM) is considered an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Having in mind concomitant occurence of diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors, it is expected that patients with poor glucoregulation will have more cardiovascular risk factors and higher cardiovascular risk than patients with good glucoregulation. AIM: To compare cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular risk factors between patients with poorly controlled and patients with well-controlled Diabetes mellitus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Hundered ten patients aged 40-70 years suffering from Diabetes mellitus type 2 were included. Research is designed as a retrospective, descriptive study. Patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) > 7% were considered to have poorly controlled diabetes. The following data and parameters were monitored: age,sex, family history, data on smoking and alcohol consumption, BMI (body mass index), blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, fibrinogen, uric acid. For the assessment of cardiovascular risk, the WHO / ISH (World Health Organization/International Society of hypertension) tables of the 10-year risk were used, and due to the assessment of the risk factors prevalence, the optimal values of individual numerical variables were defined. RESULTS: Differences in the mean values of systolic, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol are statistically significant higher in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. Hypertension more frequently occurre in patients with poorly controlled DM. The majority of patients with well-controlled DM belong to the group of low and medium cardiovascular risk, while the majority of patients with poorly controlled DM belong to the group of high and very high cardiovascular risk. In our research, there was a significant difference in cardiovascular risk in relation to the degree of DM regulation, and HbA1c proved to be an important indicator for the emergence of the CVD. CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in certain risk factors between patients with poorly controlled and well controlled DM. Patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus have a higher cardiovascular risk than patients with well controlled diabetes. The value of HbA1c should be considered when assessing cardiovascular risk.

[Detection of antibodies against cytomegalovirus in donors and recipients of kidney transplants]. / Ispitivanje antitijela protiv citomegalovirusa kod donatora i primaoca bubreznog transplantata.

UNLABELLED: The paper analyzed the values and titer of IgM and IgG antibodies on CMV in donors and recipients of kidney transplntats. The objective was to investigate the presence of CMV in donors and recipients. SUBJECT AND METHODS: Test enzignost anti CMV/IgM was used. Detection of antibodies in 15 donors before transplantation and in 22 patients-recipients before and after the transplantation was done. RESULTS: From total of 15 donors, the values of IgM ranged from 0,002 I.U. do 0,080 I.U. One case was positive. Four patients were seropositive and treated by Gancyclovirom 10 mg/kg/b.w (body weight) in period of 3 month. IgM values ranged from 0.88399 to 25978. The control finding 3 patients was negative, in 1 patient positive (IgM 0.569). In 18 patients the finding was negative. Refererent value for IgM is < 0.10 the result is negative. For IgG four times greater value comparing to the basic value was found. CONCLUSION: The most significant factor for reactivation of CMV infection is iatrogenic Immunosuppressive therapy. Exclusion of CMV infection in donors and negative finding in recipient decrease.