ABSTRACT
Reconstruction of distal tibial defects pose a difficult challenge because the bone is subcutaneous and close to the tendons and neurovascular bundles. Distally based pedicled fibula with retrograde flow can be used for the reconstruction of distal tibial defects. This is based on the communicating branch of the peroneal artery to the posterior tibial artery. We present three cases of distal tibia primary tumours which were resected and reconstructed using recycled autograft plus distally based pedicled fibula and ankle arthrodesis. This pedicled retrograde fibula flap is a novel technique for the reconstruction of distal tibial defects after oncological resections. It provides a vascularized graft without the need for microvascular surgery and without violating the normal limb. Meticulous dissection of and preservation of the communicating branches between the peroneal artery and the posterior tibial artery with confirmation of retrograde flow before dividing the proximal peroneal pedicle is sine quo non for the success of this graft. This flap overcomes the drawback of the limited arc of rotation and limited reach of proximal pedicle-based flap for distal tibial reconstruction. Long-term functional outcomes, limb shortening associated with this flap, and its effect on functional outcomes remain to be ascertained.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Conditional survival (CS) provides the probability that a patient who has already survived a certain number of years after treatment will survive an additional number of years. We aim to study the CS of patients with gastric cancer. METHODS: Patients who underwent curative intent treatment for gastric cancer in a single institution between 2007 and 2018 were included in the analysis. The probability (CS) that a patient who has already survived x years will survive an additional y year, was calculated as CS (y/x) = S(x + y)/S(x). RESULTS: The probability of surviving an additional 3 years if a patient had already survived 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years after treatment were 64.2%, 74.5%, 81.6%, 83.2%, and 88.2%, respectively whereas the 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-year actuarial OS were only 47.2%, 43.2%, 41%, 39.4%, and 38.2%, respectively. The independent prognostic factors associated with poor survival were age >60 years, T stage ≥T3, N stage ≥N2, proximal tumor location, and lymph node ratio > 0.18. Patients with these high-risk features showed the greatest increase in CS3 over time. CONCLUSION: CS estimates provided a more dynamic prognostic information over time for patients treated for gastric cancer with curative intent.
