[Status and directions of improving of surveillance subsystem of sanitary-epidemiological situation in the service of emergency medicine of the Ministry of Defense].

The article provides a description of the composition and tasks of government, forces and means of preventive direction of Disaster Medicine Service in countering the biological threats. The subsystem of supervision of sanitary-epidemiological situation, functioning at the central, regional and territorial levels is entrusted with the organization and conduct of monitoring activities, monitoring, assessment, prediction, prevention and elimination of the adverse health and sanitary emergencies. The author suggests the promising areas of optimization of the subsystem of supervision of sanitary-epidemiological situation.

[Influence of hospital factors on the spread of nosocomial infections].

The incidence of nosocomial infections (NI) was analyzed and the specific features of their occurrence and spread were defined at a multidisciplinary emergency care hospital. Weight coefficients were calculated for the hospital factors influencing NI, which allowed corrections to be made into the priority measures of the existing NI prevention system.

[An improvement in the demonstration of the causative agents of dangerous infections under the conditions of local wars and armed conflicts]. / Sovershenstvovanie indikatsii vozbuditelei opasnykh infektsionnykh boleznei v usloviiakh lokal'nykh voin i vooruzhennykh konfliktov.

The system of the specific indication of the causative agents of infectious diseases, accepted in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RF) in piece and wartime and based on the study of specimens by stages in laboratories of the sanitary epidemiological institutions of the Ministry of Defense of the RF, is presented. This system is insufficiently adapted to the conditions of local wars (LW) and armed conflicts (AC). Under these conditions, it is expedient to carry out the specific indication of infective agents not by stages, but completely (according to an enlarged scheme), replenishing the medical service of the field forces with specialists, transferred from higher sanitary epidemiological institutions. Specialized formations of the sanitary epidemiological institutions of the Center should be deployed neat the region of LW or AC, or the specimens should be promptly brought to the Center for indication by air. The improvement of the system of indication includes the introduction of new indication methods, such as polymerase chain reaction, into practical work and cooperation with the institutions and formations of the Ministry of Health of the RF.

[The organizational and methodological bases of medical reconnaissance in extreme situations]. / Organizatsionno-metodicheskie osnovy meditsinskoi razvedki v chrezvychainykh situatsiiakh.

The article deals with the process of medical reconnaissance organisation in various extreme situations, including local wars and armed conflicts. The authors suggest that there is a definite need in special units and mobile sanitary-epidemiological groups, trained and equipped for the task. They also recommend that these units should be formed up in the deployable medical set-ups.

[The estimation of the epidemiological hazard in areas of extreme situations]. / K otsenke épidemiologicheskoi opasnosti v zonakh chrezvychainykh situatsii.

Epidemiological threat's level evaluation is a necessary component in the epidemiological diagnosis. The existing methodologies include complicated mathematical calculations with the participation of mathematicians and statisticians. The authors have elaborated a simple and easy method for epidemiological threat assessment of an extreme situation to make a precise and reliable forecast of adequate measures for antiepidemiological defence of troops and civil population in the areas of local wars and armed conflicts.