ABSTRACT
After injection of 20 mg/kg peroxiredoxin 6 to male Kv:SHK mice 15 min before X-ray irradiation in the range of lethal doses (7-10 Gy), the mice remained alive for 30 days, whereas the mortality of the control animals was 100%. In the irradiated animals, peroxiredoxin 6 decreased the severity of radiation-induced leucopenia, granulocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia, increased the number of blood corpuscles, and prevented the mass death of epithelial cells and the destruction of the small intestine. Thus, peroxiredoxin 6 can be regarded as a prophylactic radioprotective agent.
Subject(s)
Peroxiredoxin VI/pharmacology , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/drug therapy , Radiation-Protective Agents/pharmacology , Animals , Injections, Intravenous , Intestine, Small/drug effects , Intestine, Small/pathology , Intestine, Small/radiation effects , Male , Mice , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/pathology , Severity of Illness Index , Survival Analysis , X-RaysABSTRACT
The influence of biologically relevant anions (succinate, acetate, citrate, chloride, bicarbonate, hydroorthophosphate, dihydroorthophosphate, nitrite, nitrate) on the formation of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in water was studied under the effect of non-ionizing radiation: heat, laser light with a wavelength of 632.8 nm, corresponding to the maximum absorption of molecular oxygen, and electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequencies. It has been established that various anions may both inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen species and increase it. Bicarbonate and sulfate anions included in the biological fluids' and medicinal mineral waters have significant, but opposite effects on reactive oxygen species production. Different molecular mechanisms of reactive oxygen species formation are considered under the action of the investigated physical factors involving these anions, which may influence the biological processes by signal-regulatory manner and provide a healing effect in physical therapy.
Subject(s)
Acids/chemistry , Hot Temperature , Light , Reactive Oxygen Species/chemistry , Water/chemistry , Anions/chemistryABSTRACT
It is demonstrated that hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide are formed under the action of uranyl ions in aqueous solutions containing no reducing agents. In the presence of uranyl ions, formation of 8-oxoguanine in DNA and long-lived protein radicals are observed in vitro. It is shown that the pro-oxidant properties of uranyl at micromolar concentrations mostly result from the physico-chemical nature of the compound rather than its radioactive decay. Uranyl ions lead to damage in DNA and proteins causing death of HEp-2 cells by necrotic pathway. It is revealed that the uranyl ions enhance radiation-induced oxidative stress and significantly increase a death rate of mice exposed to sublethal doses of X-rays.
Subject(s)
Reactive Oxygen Species/chemistry , Uranium/chemistry , Uranium/toxicity , Animals , Blood Proteins/chemistry , Bone Marrow/drug effects , Bone Marrow/radiation effects , DNA Damage/drug effects , Guanine/analogs & derivatives , Hot Temperature , Hydrogen Peroxide/chemistry , Hydroxyl Radical/analysis , Ions , Lasers , Male , Mice , Mortality , Mutagenicity Tests , Uranyl Nitrate/chemistry , X-RaysABSTRACT
It is found that in bidistilled water saturated with oxygen hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals are formed under the influence of visible and infrared radiation in the absorption bands of molecular oxygen. Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs under the influence of both solar and artificial light sourses, including the coherent laser irradiation. The oxygen effect, i.e. the impact of dissolved oxygen concentration on production of hydrogen peroxide induced by light, is detected. It is shown that the visible and infrared radiation in the absorption bands of molecular oxygen leads to the formation of 8-oxoguanine in DNA in vitro. Physicochemical mechanisms of ROS formation in water when exposed to visible and infrared light are studied, and the involvement of singlet oxygen and superoxide anion radicals in this process is shown.
Subject(s)
DNA/chemistry , Guanine/analogs & derivatives , Hydroxyl Radical/chemistry , Oxygen/chemistry , Superoxides/chemistry , Water/chemistry , DNA Damage , Guanine/chemistry , Hydrogen Peroxide/chemistry , Infrared Rays , Kinetics , Lasers , Singlet Oxygen/chemistry , Solar Energy , Solutions/chemistry , Ultraviolet RaysABSTRACT
The formation of long-lived radicals in the solutions of casein and its hydrolysate with an equimolar mixture of amino acids was compared by measuring the X-ray-induced chemiluminescence. It was shown that free amino acids constituting the protein produce long-lived radicals. It was demonstrated that some amino acids (Leu, Ile, Val, Ser, Trp, Met, Pro, Arg, Gly, Phe) emit light of visible spectrum over a long period of time after the irradiation, which indicates the generation of long-lived radicals of these amino acids. The half-life times of these radicals are several hours. Dissolving irradiated dry amino acids capable of luminescing over a long time gives rise to the formation of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous medium.
