[The possibilities for expert examination during of situational forensic medical expertises including the trasological investigation of the blood stains].

The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the possibilities of trasological investigations of the blood stains for the purpose of situational forensic medical expertises. The potential of such investigations is exemplified by the case of the head wound inflicted by the shot from the Osa civil self-defense handgun. The possibilities of comprehensive assessment of the injuries to the human body, analysis of blood stains on the clothes and the surrounding objects at the place of the accident for the detailed reconstruction of the event are illustrated.

[Certain peculiarities of trace formation associated with the infliction of stab wounds].

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the detailed morphological picture of stab injuries taking into consideration the design of the piercing objects, conditions of wound infliction, and properties of the affected tissues. The experimental injuries were inflicted either by an impact action or compression at an angle of 90 and 45-60 degrees using sharp (0.01 mm) and blunt (0.5 mm) piercing cylinder-conical bevel-edged (40 mm) objects 7 mm in diameter. A total of 128 skin injuries were available for the examination. It was shown that the shape, length, and orientation of the wounds depended on the sharpness of the injurious agent, the angle at which and the speed with which it was stabbed into the tissue. The new morphological features were identified associated with plastic deformation of the skin, viz. the shape of the wound opening, smoothness or borderline thickening of its edges, flattening and folding of epidermis; conditions for the formation of these features were investigated. These data are of importance for the individual and intra-group expert identification of the putative traumatic agents and reconstruction of the circumstances of a given event or offence.

[Forensic medical expertise of the stab wounds: the current state-of-the art].

This review of special literature encompasses the publications on the injuries inflicted by piercing objects. The results of analysis of these materials indicate that both the mechanisms of formation and the morphological features of stab wounds and damages to the clothes are studied perfectly well. Their shape and morphological patterns are shown to be dependent on the size, shape, and cross-section area of the great variety of the piercing objects. However, investigations carried out thus far did not take into consideration the formation of the signs of skin plastic deformation, such as edge portions of borderline thickening, stretching of epidermis over the walls, transformation of the epidermal network pattern into longitudinal folding, etc. It is concluded that further studies are necessary to better characterize injuries inflicted by piercing objects differing in the sharpness and the shape of cross section and thereby to obtain a deeper insight in the morphological features. It can be expected that such studies will provide a basis for the development of criteria for the individual and intra-group expert identification of the traumatic agents.

A method for introducing human blood leukocytes in cold anabiosis at -50 degrees Celsius.

We propose a simple, effective, and economic method for introducing human blood leukocytes in cold anabiosis at moderately low temperature (-50 degrees Celsius).

[Determination of the amino acid composition of cartilage and creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes with the use of phenylthiocarbamyl amino acid derivatives]. / Opredelenie aminokislotnogo sostava khriashchevoi tkani i izofermentov kreatinfosfokinazy s ispol'zovaniem feniltiokarbamil'nykh proizvodnykh aminokislot.

A method for estimation of amino acid composition and collagen-specific amino acids was developed. The assay was based on the precolumn reaction of amino acids with phenylisothiocyanate. The phenylthiocarbamyl derivatives were analyzed by means of reverse-phase chromatography on octadecyl sorbents, which involved gradient elution with ethanol and sodium or ammonium acetate. The method was used for effective separation of collagen-specific and main amino acids in cartilage hydrolysate from healthy persons and of patients with funnel chest and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and also for determination of amino acid composition in creatine phosphokinase B- and M-subunits.