[The effect of a water-soluble vitamins on the activity of some enzymes in diabetes].

Intramuscular injections of the vitamin complex containing: thiamine chloride (B1), riboflavin (B2), lipoic acid (N), calcium pantothenate (B5), pyridoxine hydrochloride (B6), folic acid (B9), ascorbic acid (C) can reduce the blood glucose level in serum of rats with alloxan diabetes, stabilize activity of some enzymes of energy metabolism, lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

[The postradiation use of vitamin-containing complexes and a phycocyanin extract in a radiation lesion in rats]. / Postradiatsionnoe primenenie vitaminsoderzhashchikh kompleksov i ékstrakta fikotsianina pri luchevom porazhenii krys.

Wistar rats have been exposed to X-rays with a dose of 5 Gy. Significant decrease in dehydrogenase activity, energy-rich phosphate level and efficiency of antioxidant defence and significant increase in pyruvate amount were observed within 4 weeks. It was also found that the feeding of exposed rats with phycocyanin extract from blue-green algae Spirulina platensis lead to correcting effect. The same result was observed after injections of tocopherol or complex of six water-soluble vitamins. The combination of above mentioned compounds had more marked effect, especially at the presence unitiole and Na2Se.

[The effect of functionally bound vitamins and their coenzyme forms on the activity of 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases in mouse organs]. / Deistvie funktsional'no sviazannykh vitaminov i ikh kofermentnykh form na aktivnost' degidrogenaz 2-oksokislot v organakh myshei.

Ever-growing doses (beginning from the therapeutic up to 10-fold doses of a complex of five functionally bound vitamins (B1, FMN, nicotinamide, pantothenate, lipoic acid) being administered to F1 mice (CBA x Black) induced a constant and considerable rise of the pyruvate- and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (PDG and OGDG) activity in the mouse organs. In the in vitro experiments the addition of the corresponding coenzymes or their mixture (in the optimal concentrations) to the incubation medium containing mitochondria of the mouse liver led to a greater activation of these dehydrogenases in the group of animals which were preliminary injected the above complex of vitamins.

[The role of Na K ATPase in thiamine and lipoic acid interrelations during their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of mice]. / Rol' Na+, K+ ATFazy vo vzaimootnosheniiakh tiamina i lipoevoi kisloty pri vsasyvanii, proiskhodiashchem v zheludochno-kishechnom trakte myshei.

35S-lipoic acid (20 mumol/kg) with different doses of thiamine or 35S-thiamine (50 mumol/kg) with unlabelled lipoic acid where administrated to the white mice stomach. It was established that absorption and entrance of both lipoic acid and thiamine when they were in 1:5 quantities in organs and tissues were maximal. The activity of Na+, K-ATPase determined in stomach, duodenum and small intestine was the maximal too.

[Characteristic features of 35S-benzoylthiamine monophosphate in albino mice]. / Osobennosti raspredeleniia 35S-benzoiltiaminmonofosfata v organizme belykh myshei.

Equimolar doses (30 mM/kg) of 35S-labelled thiamin, thiamin monophosphate or benzoyl thiamin monophosphate were administered intraperitoneally into mice. Increase in content of labelled metabolites, derived from 35S-benzoyl thiamin monophosphate, as compared with 35S-thiamin and 35S-thiamin monophosphate, was more distinct and prolonged in mice tissues, especially in brain and heart muscle, within 6-24 hrs. In blood this relationship was opposite. Total 35S was excreted with urine also at the highest rate after the 35S-benzoyl thiamin monophosphate administration as compared with the effect of thiamin and thiamin monophosphate but differences between the experimental data obtained with the latter compounds were only slight.

[Effect of pyruvate dehydrogenase coenzymes and mitochondrial proteins on the accumulation of [35S]lipoic acid]. / Vliianie kofermentov piruvatdegidrogenazy i belkov mitokhondrii na nakoplenie v nikh [35S]lipoevoi kisloty.

Coenzymes introduced in the ratio, peculiar for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex into the medium containing fresh-isolated mitochondria and oxidation substrate--pyruvate increase accumulation of [35S] lipoate by these organelles. This process is highly stimulated by introducing either the only CoA or a coenzyme mixture (CoA, thiamine pyrophosphate, FAD, NAD). Addition of phosphate-extracted components of mitochondria and their protein fraction with coenzymes in the ratio indicated above provides maximum accumulation of [35S] lipoate by liver mitochondria. An equimolar mixture of coenzymes as well as protein components evoke no reliable variations in [35S] lipoate accumulation by albino rat liver mitochondria, while addition of the only thiamine pyrophosphate decreases this accumulation. Reconstruction of multienzyme complexes of coenzymes and apoenzymes on mitochondrion membranes accounts for the results obtained.

[Characteristics of 35S-lipoic acid absorption by the blood cells in breast cancer]. / Osobennosti pogloshcheniia 35S-lipoevoi kisloty kletkami krovi bol'nykh rakom molochnoi zhelezy.

The peculiar characteristics of 35S lipoic acid uptake by blood red cells in breast cancer patients were studied. The rate of 35S lipoic acid uptake by red cells in cancer patients was much higher than that in healthy female donors. The difference was less significant in cases of acute mastitis or benign tumors. The increased uptake of 35S lipoic acid by red cells may prove instrumental in the diagnosis and, probably, therapy of breast cancer.

[Age peculiarities of the intake dynamics of (35S)thiamine and its phosphoric esters administered parenterally into rat organs]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti dinamiki postupleniia v tkani krys parenteral'no vvedennykh [35S]tiamina i ego fosfornykh éfirov.

The maximal intake of [35S]thiamine for the first hours followed administration of its physiological dose (150 mumol/kg) into the blood small intestine, kidneys, liver, myocardium and brain grows in ontogenesis by 55-60, 25-30, 80-110, 25-40, 15-30, 5-12%. This evidences for a more pronounced thiamine lack in old animals as compared to the young ones. After injection of labelled thiamine diphosphate the increment of the vitamin B1 total amount is the highest in the kidneys and small intestine of old animals. A higher increment of the vitamin B1 total amount in tissues of old rats after the labelled thiamine injection may be explained by a delayed intensity of its renewal deficiency. [35S]thiamine phosphate and [35S]thiamine diphosphate especially enter all organs, except for the liver, more intensively than [35S]thiamine (their amount is by 25-40% higher in all age groups).

[Effect of group B vitamins on 35S-lipoic acid intake by mouse tissues]. / Deistvie vitaminov gruppy v na postuplenie 35-S-lipoevoi kisloty v tkani myshei.

Lipoic acid intake following parenteral administration with functionally linked vitamins depends on molar relations between them. It is shown that a combined administration of 35S-lipoate with these vitamins decreases radioactivity 30-120 min after the injection in most of tissues as compared to the control, except for the liver where it does not change or increases (60 min after administration in combination with thiamin or pantothenate). Following 18h thiamin and mixture of vitamins induce an intensified intake of labelled lipoic acid by the brain tissue, a 4-fold increase in case of thiamin and a 2.6-fold increase in case of the vitamins mixture.

[Pyruvate oxidation and S35-lipoic acid fixation by breast tumor homogenates]. / Okislenie piruvata i fiksatsiia S35 lipoevoi kisloty gomogenatami opukholi molochnoi zhelezy.

The rate of pyruvic acid oxidation by human mammary gland tumor homogenates is several times lower compared with that by homogenates of the adjacent non-involved tissues. This dependence is especially manifest with malignant tumors, although in this case both in the involved and non-involved tissues the pyruvate oxidation is slower than in benign tumors. In the in vitro experiments the rate of S35 lipoic acid binding by the precipitated in 10000 g fractions of the homogenates in question was the highest for malignant tumors and 3.36 times lower for the adjacent tissues. In benign tumors these values and their correlation were much more lower.

[Dynamics of incorporation of 35S-thiamine and its phosphorus esters into the liver cells of white rats of different ages]. / Kinamika vkliucheniia 35S-tiamina i ego fosfornykh éfirov v kletki pecheni belykh krys raznogo vozrasta

Metabolites of 35S-thiamin as well as its mono- and diphosphorous esters were administered at a dose of 150 nM/kg intraperitoneally into rats of various age. The total accumulation of thelabel was increased in liver cell fractions in ontogenesis. Dynamics of 35S-thiamin accumulation was shown to have a biphase type and the phosphorous esters--a monophase one within 30-240 min after administration of the label. The major part of thiamin was accumulated in soluble and nuclear fractions of liver cells and the phosphorous esters (especially thiamin diphosphate)--in mitochondrial fraction. In adult rats the highest amount of the labelled preparations was observed in liver mitochondria as compared with other cell fractions. Ageing of animals was accompanied by the increase in metabolism of vitamin B1 in liver cell fractions.

[S35 lipoic acid distribution and its effect on pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in rats with Walker carcinoma]. / Raspredelenie S35 lipoevoi kisloty i ee vliianie na aktivnost'piruvatdegidrogenazy krys s kartsinomoi Uokera.

S35-lipoic acid injected intraperitoneally in rats with Walker carcinosarcoma in a dose of 250 mg/Kg is accumulated in their organs and tissues to much higher concentrations compared with normal animals during all terms of the observation (15 min, 1 hour, 24 hours). Differences were especially great after 24 hours. Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in tumor rats organs was considerably reduced when calculated per 1 Kg of tissue, but it is practically unchanged when calculated per 1 mg of protein, which amount in 1 g of tissue in them is distinctly lower than in normal animals. Single injections of lipoic acid in tumor-bearing rats do restore the enzyme activity to normal (in 1 hour), while repeated ones (10 days)--prolong animals lifeterms by 25%.

[Permeability of the mitochondrial membranes of the organs of white rats innoculated with Walker carcinoma to lipoic acid and thiamine labelled with S35]. / Pronitsaemost' membran mitokhondrii iz organov belykh krys s privitoi kartsinomoi Vokera k lipoevoi kislote i tiaminu mechennym po S35

Mitochondria isolated from organs of intact white rats and those with Walker carcinoma were incubated in Gubler medium containing S35-lipoic acid or S35-thiamine. An accumulation of lipoic acid by mitochondria is higher in tumor-bearing animals, while that of thiamine in most organs is lowered. In healthy animals mitochondria were found to accumulate S35-thiamine more intensively than S35-lipoic acid. In tumor animals these indices become nearly similar, while organ differences are leveled.