[Nutritional status of early age children in Kazakhstan]. / Pishchevol status detel rannego vozrasta v respublike Kasakhstan.

An assessment of nutritional status children under 3-years old was given, which conducted within Kazakstan Dimography Health Survey, 1995. 717 children under 3 years old were examined, including Kazak--421, Russian--161 and other ethnicities--135. An assessment of nutritional status was conducted by the anthropometric indices: Height/Age, Weight/Height, Weight/Age. The most expressed degree of undernutrition was determined among rural children, Kazaks, and children living at the South and Center regions of republic. Demographic and background characteristics are the main determinants for nutritional status of children. Birth parity, birth interval, mother's educational level have influence for nutritional status of children.

[Alimentary methods of maintaining the superoxide dismutase activity in the tissues of rats during growth of a transplanted tumor and administration of carminomycin]. / Alimentarnye sposoby podderzhaniia superoksiddismutaznoi aktivnosti v tkaniakh krys v usloviiakh rosta transplantirovannoi opukholi i vvedeniia karminomitsina.

The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of three specialized food rations on activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in tissues of rats with transplanted Walker's carcinosarcoma 256 exposed to carminomycin. It was shown that the three specialized rations were able to significantly modify the SOD activity in the tissues of the rats with Walker's carcinosarcoma 256 at the background of treatment with carminomycin. Thus, the ration enriched with copper and zinc salts and folic acid activated SOD in the animals of all the groups. Still, the effect was higher in the tumor-bearing animals and the rats treated with carminomycin i.e. under conditions of oxidative stress. The use of the ration enriched with sulfur-containing amino acids, sodium selenide and vitamin E led to decreasing of the efficiency of the fermentative dismutation of O2 in the healthy rats and marked activating of SOD in the tumor-bearing animals. The ration containing lyophilized vegetables and vitamin E provided a significant increase in the SOD activity in the healthy rats. However, its potential was not sufficient for overcoming the SOD inhibiting effect of the tumor growth.

[Thiol-dependent protective systems in alimentary prevention of the toxic effect of carminomycin]. / Tiolzavisimye zashchitnye sistemy pri alimentarnoi profilaktike toksicheskogo deistviia karminomitsina.

The state of the thiol-dependent systems i.e. concentration of the SH-groups, activity of glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase, carminomycin antitumor and toxic effects was studied under conditions of tumor growth and carminomycin therapy with the use of prophylactic rations (PR) aimed at stimulating the cell thiol-dependent and antioxidant systems for decreasing the drug toxic action. It was shown that addition of sulfur-containing amino acids, selenium and vitamin E to the ration of healthy and tumor-bearing rats (Walker carcinosarcoma 256) induced a decrease in the level of the SH-groups in the liver just likely promoting efficient extrahepatic usage of glutathione. After administration of carminomycin a long with the PR use, the liver showed the thiol-preserving capacity evidenced by a decrease or complete elimination of the above effect of the ration. The use of PR resulted in a marked increase in the glutathione-S-transferase activity in cytosol and to a lesser extent in the liver microsomes. A regulating effect of the PR on the activity of glutathione reductase was observed: its inhibition in the healthy animals and stimulation after carminomycin administration in the heart of the healthy animals and the liver of the tumor-bearing animals.

[Effect of carminomycin on the enzyme systems of the metabolism of active forms of oxygen and on free-radical lipid oxidation in August rats with Walker carcinosarcoma 256]. / Vliianie karminomitsina na fermentnye sistemy metabolizma aktivnykh form kisloroda i svobodnoradikal'noe okislenie lipidov u krys linii August s kartsinosarkomoi Uoker 256.

The influence of carminomycin (CM) on enzymic systems of metabolism of oxygen active forms, free radical lipid peroxidation and microviscosity of membrane lipids as well as toxic and antitumour action of CM were studied in normal and tumour-bearing rats. Detected responses of the system of superoxide anion- and H2O2 metabolism reflected the role of active oxygen forms in CM toxicity. The investigation results of the lipid peroxidation fluorescent products level and microsomal lipid phase microviscosity did not suppose stimulation of lipid peroxidation as key mechanism for CM toxic effects. Problems on the prevention and treatment of anthracyclines side effects are discussed.