The association of epidermal growth factor variant with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

In this study, our aim was to investigate the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene polymorphisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and non-OSCC healthy controls. This case-control study comprised 89 OSCC and 107 healthy controls by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods, the genotypes for EGF + 61 A > G (rs4444903) and EGFR R497K (rs2227983) were analyzed. According to the EGF + 61 A > G genotype distribution, individuals with the GG genotype were more prevalent in the OSCC group when compared to the healthy controls. But the AA genotype frequency was significantly higher in the healthy control group. The frequency of G allele carriers was 2.3 times higher than A allele carriers in OSCC patients (p < .001). For the EGFR R497K genotype, there was no significant difference between the OSCC and healthy control groups. Regarding the study results, the G allele of EGF + 61 A > G polymorphism was associated with OSCC. Larger populations and functional investigations should be used to explore the nature of the interaction between EGF and OSCC.

What if amoxicillin/clavulanic acid reduces the cisplatin anticancer impact on oral cancer treatment?

Antibiotics-chemotherapeutics combination have become on the table for many cancer treatments. For this reason, we thought that further progress and development of studies to support chemotherapeutic approaches with the use of antibiotics may be beneficial in the clinical field. Cell lines (SCC-15, HTB-41, and MRC-5) were treated with 5-100 µM/ml concentrations of cisplatin (cisp) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amx/cla) with combination (amx/cla-cisp) and alone in three different incubation periods. The all-cells viability was examined with WST-1 and apoptotic activity of the drugs were investigated via cell death ELISA assay kit. The cytotoxic impact of the 100 µM amx/cla-cisp combination was found to be reduced by up to 21.8%, which was significant given that the cytotoxic effect of only cisplatin therapy was 86.1%. Because our findings demonstrated that solo amx/cla therapy have almost no impact on proliferation or death, we focused on the amx/cla-cisp combination effect. It was found that the amx/cla-cisp combination has reduced the apoptotic fragment when comparing with the solely cisp-treated cells. Due to amx/cla-cisp combination on both cells but significantly on SCC-15 recovered the sole cisplatin effect, we believe that there might be a second thought when prescribing antibiotics while treating cancer patients. Not only the antibiotic's type but also the cancer type might interact to lessen the chemotherapeutic agent's impact which is clinically a dilemma to focus on.

The apoptotic efficacy of succinic acid on renal cancer cell lines.

Recently, studies on the effects of non-toxic substances on cancer prophylaxis have gained value as an alternative to existing treatment options. Current studies have shown that succinic acid or its derivatives exhibit anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis. We aimed to investigate the anticancer activity of succinic acid on renal cancer for the first time in the literature. The cytotoxic activity of succinic acid on CAKI-2 and ACHN as renal cancer cell lines and MRC-5 as a healthy cell line was determined using the WST-1 cytotoxicity test. Apoptotic activity was measured by Annexin V test and cell death ELISA kit. The results showed that 25 µM and 50 µM doses of succinic acid for 24 h remarkably reduced the cell viability for CAKI-2 cells (89.77% and 90.77%) and ACHN cells (41.57% and 54.54%). Also, no significant effect was observed on the healthy cell line, as we expected. Additionally, administration of succinic acid at same doses resulted in apoptotic activity for ACHN cells (19.1 and 12.7) and CAKI-2 cells (19.85 and 29.55). ELISA results with same doses of succinic acid treatment increased the apoptotic fragment rates by 4.7 and 2.13-fold in CAKI-2 cells, and 32.92, 12.7-fold in ACHN cells. Succinic acid is a focal point for cancer treatments not only for its apoptotic success on cancer cells but also for its capacity to be metabolically active for humans. Our results suggest that succinic acid could be a potential therapeutic agent for individual cancer treatment approaches together with further molecular research.

Levofloxacin might be safe to use for OSCC patients.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma patients are exhausted against the powerful chemotherapies, radiotherapies after the surgery, and their immune system is devastated during the process and antibiotic usage become inescapable. Although prescribing an antibiotic might be fraught for such as drug interaction and undesirable proliferation danger, studies still look for the new ideas such as antibiotic combinations that might be safe to use. The antiproliferative and apoptotic outcomes of levofloxacin with cisplatin combination as well as their single usage were examined with WST-1, Caspase-3/BCA and Annexin V methods on SCC-15 cells and a healthy cell line (MRC-5). 24 h treatment of 50 mM single levofloxacin, 50 mM single cisplatin and 50 mM levofloxacin-cisplatin combination resulted in viability rates of SCC-15 cells as 90%, 67% and 80.8%, respectively. Caspase-3 enzyme activity was enhanced 0.92-fold for single levofloxacin, 13.05-fold for single cisplatin and 9.73-fold for the combination of levofloxacin-cisplatin, the total apoptotic activity of single levofloxacin, single cisplatin and levofloxacin-cisplatin combination were observed as 4.88%, 21.14%, 16.21%, respectively on SCC-15. The apoptotic effect of cisplatin on MRC-5 has been shown to be suppressed when combined with levofloxacin. Considering the cell viability, caspase-3, and apoptotic activity results, it's conclude that the levofloxacin-cisplatin combination was also effective compared to the only cisplatin treatment on OSCC cells. The combination has shown less toxicity for healthy cells than single cisplatin treatment. Therefore, our apoptotic findings suggest that the different dosage combinations are necessary to understand the interaction for the treatment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

The COX2 genetic variants in oral squamous cell carcinoma in Turkish population.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common type of cancer that genetic and environmental factors also lifestyle habits, infections play important roles in the pathogenesis of disease. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) is the inducible isoform of enzyme which convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. It was known that alterations in COX2 gene functions contribute to the inflammation process thus induce cancer progression, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, invasion and metastasis. A total of 114 cases 165 healthy individuals were included in present study. We aimed to evaluate possible association between the COX2; -765, -1195 polymorphisms and the risk of OSCC. The genotypes were determined by using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. In our study group the carriers of COX2 -765 C allele were statistically higher in patients compared with controls and individuals who had CC genotype had a 3,4 fold high risk for OSCC (p <0,05). We also observed the COX2 -1195 AA genotype frequency was higher in cases that of healthy group and individuals who had AA genotype showed a 1,7 fold increased risk for OSCC (p < 0,05). Haplotype analysis confirmed our result and revealed that the frequencies of COX2 -765C, -1195A haplotype frequencies were significantly higher in patients as compared with those of controls. In conclusion we suggest that COX2, -765, -1195 polymorphisms appear to be an important predictive factor and may be a prognostic biomarker for risk of OSCC. Further investigations with larger study groups are needed to fully elucidate the role of COX2 -765, -1195 variations in the development of OSCC.