Impact of high intensity interval and moderate continuous training on plasma ratios of ProBNP1-108/BNP1-32 and NT-pro-BNP1-76/BNP1-32 after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.

Background: ProBNP1-108/BNP1-32, and NT-pro-BNP1-76/BNP1-32 ratios are significant indices for predicting complications after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. However, the effect of aerobic training types on these biomarkers has not been fully understood. So, the current study aimed to determine the impact of aerobic interval and continuous training programs on plasma ratios of ProBNP1-108/BNP1-32 and NT-pro-BNP1-76/BNP1-32 after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Method: 36 patients were selected purposive (27 men and 9 women with mean of age 60.32 ± 5.81 years, height 164.64 ± 9.25 cm, weight 73.86 ± 14.23 kg, fat 32.30 ± 4.28, SBP 142.67 ± 6.49, DBP 84.5 ± 5.16 mmHg in seated position at rest situation and functional capacity of 7.08 ± 2.49 METs) and then divided randomly into three groups: control (C) group (without training program) moderate continuous training (MCT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) (exercise training program was performed 3 days/week for 8 weeks) with intensities 65%-80% and 80%-95% of reserve heart rate in order. Blood samples were taken 48 h before the first session and 48 h after the last training session to measure the plasma levels of ProBNP1-108, corin enzyme, BNP1-32, and NT-pro-BNP1-76 using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Wilcoxin and kruskal wallis tests were used for analyzing data. Results: The plasma corin enzyme was increased, and the ratios of proBNP1-108/BNP1-32 and NT-pro-BNP1-76/BNP1-32 were reduced in both training groups in compared with control group (p = 0.004, p = 0000, p = 0.016, p = 0.003, p = 0.009, and p = 0.016) when there was no significant difference was found between training groups (p = 0.074, p = 450, and p = 0.295). Conclusion: Both high intensity interval training and moderate continuous training in compared with inactivity have positive effects on ratios of ProBNP1-108/BNP1-32, NT-pro-BNP1-76/BNP1-32 and could be effective to promote the health of coronary arteries and prevention of HF in post-CABG patients.

Aerobic Training with Naringin Supplementation Improved Spatial Cognition via H2S Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease Model Rats.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effects of one-month naringin administration and exercise training on cognitive impairment and H2S signaling pathway in an Amyloid ß (Aß)-injected rat. METHODS: Rats were divided into four groups: control group; rats underwent Aß microinjection surgery, exercise group; rats underwent Aß microinjection surgery and trained by treadmill for four weeks, naringin group; rats underwent Aß microinjection surgery, and rats orally administrated 80 mg.kg-1 naringin for four weeks, naringin+exercise group; rats underwent Aß microinjection surgery and were trained by treadmill for four weeks, and also, rats orally administrated 80 mg.kg-1 naringin for four weeks. After one month of treatment, spatial learning and memory were measured, and then hippocampi were sampled. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), cystathionine-ß-synthase (CBS), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels, and neuronal death were detected in the hippocampi of rats. RESULTS: Naringin and exercise improved spatial learning (latency time, P < .001) and memory (P < .001) in the Morris Water Maze test in Aß-injected rats compared with the control group. SAM (P < .01), CBS (P < .001), and H2S (P < .01) levels are increased in the naringin+exercise group compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: The result of this study supports the effect of exercise and/or naringin to improve cognitive dysfunction and cell death through the production of H2S.

Regulation of PI3K and Hand2 gene on physiological hypertrophy of heart following high-intensity interval, and endurance training.

BACKGROUND: Physical training signals cardiac hypertrophy through PI3K as an upstream and Hand2 gene as a downstream agent. The present study aimed to find the role of PI3K and Hand2 gene in myocardial hypertrophy following interval and endurance training (ET). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four adult Wistar male rats (210-250 g) randomly divided into control, sham, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and ET group. Swimming time in ET increased incrementally 30-75 min, whereas in HIIT, load/body weight, and time/rest ratio increased within 12 weeks. Heart morphometry, including left ventricle end systolic (LVESV) and Diastolic (LVEDV) volume, LV posterior wall (LVPW), stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), fraction shortening (%FS), pure heart weight (HW) and left ventricle weight (LVW), and PI3K and Hand2 gene expression were measured. RESULTS: HW and LVW were significantly more than control after ET (P < 0.05) and HIIT (P < 0.05). Both of the training groups demonstrated significantly thicker LVPW (P < 0.05), SV (P < 0.05), and %FS (P < 0.05). Furthermore, PI3K concentration and Hand2 expression significantly increased in ET (P < 0.001; P < 0.001, respectively) and HIIT (P < 0.05; P < 0.001, respectively) compared to control. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that this training protocol caused physiological hypertrophy in both of ET and HIIT groups, whereas HIIT can be more beneficial because of shorter training time.

Prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in preschool children of Tehran, Iran.

BACKGROUND: It is reported that prevalence of overweight and obesity have increased in all age groups, but little is known about prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool children. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to survey the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in 3-6 year-old Tehranian children in 2009-2010. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on a total of 756 (378 boys and 378 girls) preschool children aged 3-6. Subjects were selected through stratified sampling from 5 geographic regions of Tehran (east, west, north, south, and center). Body weight and height were measured directly. Underweight, overweight and obesity was defined as Body Mass Index (BMI) ≤ 5(th) percentile (underweight), 5(th) to 85(th) percentile (normal weight), 85(th) to 95(th) percentile (overweight), and > 95(th) percentile (obesity); based on recommendation of Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 2000. RESULTS: Findings showed that the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity was 4.77%, 9.81% and 4.77% in boys and 4.77%, 10.31% and 4.49% in girls, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed a relatively high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Tehranian preschool children that is a serious problem. This result can be used in clinical setting and preventive programs.