[Electrophoretic and immunochemical research of rat urine proteins in dynamics after intravenous injection of thorium dioxide (thorotrast)].

Rats were treated with a single intravenous injection of thorotrast (thorium dioxide)--the source of alpha-rays. Dynamic investigation of urine protens of rats by methods of electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis was carried out during 22 months after thorotrast injection. Already the month after drug injection the selectivity of tubular reabsorbtion was disturbed. Three months after thorotrast injection the content of urinal proteins of tissue (in particular renal) origin was decreased. Finally the selectivity of renal filtration of proteins was damaged 4-6 months after thorotrast introduction. Serum proteins which were absent in normal urine (for example transferrin and lipoproteins) appeared in urine of affected rats. The urine proteins of serum origin were less degraded than those in normal urine. The alterations of glomerular filtration was increased up to 20-22 months when the spectrum of urine proteins became similar to the spectrum of serum proteins. The death of treated rats was occurred in this period. Thus the monitoring of urine proteins of rats treated with alpha-ray producing preparation throtrast allows to register the successive alterations of reabsorbtion, excretion and filtration functions of kidney.

[Prolonged stimulation of hematopoiesis in mice with chemotactic peptide N-f-met-leu-phe-gly incorporated into liposomes].

The experimental study of macrophage-activating chemotactic peptide N-f-met-leu-phe-gly (chemotaxic peptide), as well as its liposomal form, on the proliferation and migration of colony-forming precursor cells in mice was carried out. The study revealed that the subcutaneous injection of chemotaxic peptide into mice in a dose of 20 Mg led to a pronounced, but short-term increase in the proliferation of such precursor cells in the marrow: as shown by the hydroxyurea "suicide" method, a day after the injection almost 50% of hematopoietic stem cells entered the S-phase of the cellular cycle; in addition, an increase in the content of colony-forming precursor cells in the peripheral blood and the spleen was observed. The injection of chemotaxic peptide, incapsulated into liposomes, led to a considerable increase in the duration of the stimulating effect, manifested by the maintenance of a stable proliferative state of the pool of hematopoietic stem cells during 4 weeks (the term of observation). This effect could be attributed to the formation of the liposomal "depot" and the gradual liberation of chemotaxic peptide from it.

[Interaction of cells from murine organs with liposomes of various composition]. / Vzaimodeistvie kletok organov myshei s liposomami raznogo sostava.

The distribution of liposomes prepared from total mouse liver lipids and containing (3H)-labelled platelet activation factor in mouse organs was studied. It was shown that the majority of intraperitoneally injected liposomes prepared from total mouse liver lipids were transported to mouse liver and spleen. The interaction of liposomes with spleen cells in vitro revealed that the affinity of liposomes prepared from total spleen macrophage or total spleen lymphocyte lipids for mouse spleen cells was much higher than that of liposomes prepared from a model lipid mixture. The liposome binding to isolated spleen macrophages or lymphocytes was much higher than the liposome uptake by these cells in the total population of mouse spleen cells.

[Characteristics of the immunocyte cooperation in 2 strains of mice opposite in their sensitivity to dermaphytoses during the immune response to antigens of the causative agent]. / Osobennosti kooperatsii immunotsitov myshei dvukh linii, oppozitnykh po chuvstvitel'nosti k dermatofitozam, pri immunnom otvete na antigeny vozbuditelia.

C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, opposite in their sensitivity to dermatophytic infections, show similar activity of phagocytes as regards their capacity for the destruction of injected conidia of dermatophytes, but differ in the changes of this activity after immunization with dermatophytic antigenic complexes (DAC). Shortly after the injection of the antigens, the lymphocyte-mediated suppression of the fungicidal activity of macrophages, caused by the interaction of DAC with intact T-lymphocytes, was detected in the animals of both strains. Later in C57BL/6 mice resistant to mycosis the formation of cell-mediated immunity to DAC occurs, with the simultaneous production of factor stimulating the fungicidal activity of macrophages. In BALB/c mice sensitive to mycosis the injection of DAC induces active antibody production, but not the formation of delayed hypersensitivity with the resulting stimulation of the fungicidal activity of phagocytes. The injection of DAC into mice of the above-mentioned strains induces changes, peculiar to each strain, in the mitogen-induced proliferation of spleen cells and in the character of immune response to sheep red blood cells. Differences in the influence of DAC on the induction of immune response in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice are realized by cells belonging to the population of T-lymphocytes.

[Increased affinity of liposomes derived from total spleen and liver lipids to spleen cells]. / Povyshennoe srodstvo liposom, poluchennykh iz summarnykh lipidov selezenki ili pecheni, k kletkam selezenki.

The interaction of liposomes derived from total lipids of mouse spleen and liver with mouse spleen cells was studied. It was shown that the binding of these liposomes is much higher than the binding of liposomes obtained from a model lipid mixture--phosphatidylcholine--phosphatidylethanolamine--cholesterol (2:1:1). Adherent and nonadherent spleen cells were found to have affinity for liposomes derived from total lipids of spleen or liver. Removal of gangliosides and protein contaminants from the liposomes derived from total spleen lipids caused an increased binding of liposomes to spleen cells. Multilamellar liposomes bound more effectively to ultrasonicated vesicles having a homologous lipid composition than the liposomes with a different lipid composition. The increased affinity of liposomes derived from total lipids of spleen or liver for spleen cells may account for the identical fluidity of the lipid bilayer of liposomes and plasma membranes of spleen cells.

[Lymphocyte-mediated modulation of the functional activity of macrophages by individual antigenic complexes of Trichophyton cells]. / Limfotsitoposredovannaia moduliatsiia funktsional'noi aktivnosti makrofagov otdel'nymi antigennymi kompleksami kletok trikhofitona.

The capacity of antigenic complexes of the causative agent of zoo- and anthroponotic trichophytosis for inducing the factors, that modify the functional activity of macrophages, in mice and in spleen cell cultures has been studied. These complexes are capable of inducing the T-lymphocyte-mediated suppression and of stimulating the fungicidal activity (and oxygen-dependent metabolism) of phagocytes. The production of fungicidal activity suppressing lymphokines is linked with the presence of alkali-insoluble components of fungal cell walls and cytoplasmic antigens (the latter appear only in interactions of antigens with the lymphocytes of immunized animals) in the above-mentioned complexes.

[Liposomes as carriers of polyfunctional immunogens]. / Liposomy kak nositeli polifunktsional'nykh immunogenov.

Liposomes are promising carriers for construction of the up-to-date chemical vaccinal preparations. The immunogenic and immunomodulating properties of liposomes may be varied by incorporation of the natural or synthetic immunomodulators into the inner water volume or into the lipid bilayer parallel with antigens as well as by introduction of the receptor-specific vector to definite types of immunocompetent cells into liposomes. The pronounced immunobiological properties of the liposomal carrier are shown in studies of liposomes conjugated with haptens or model protein antigens. The application of liposomes as carriers of bacterial antigens induces a delayed catabolism of the antigen and formation of its depot. The immunomodulating properties of antigen-containing liposomes rise after introduction of such immunomodulators as lipid A, muramyldipeptide or interleukin-1 into the liposome composition.

[Incorporation of the protective antigen of Brucella abortus into liposomes and the immunogenic properties of the antigen-containing liposomes]. / Vkliuchenie protektivnogo antigena Brucella abortus v liposomy i immunogennye svoistva antigensoderzhashchikh liposom.

The incorporation of B. abortus protective antigen into liposomes and its localization in liposomes have been found to depend on the lipid composition of liposomes. After the injection of the protective antigen conjugated with negatively charged liposomes humoral response is more pronounced than after the injection of the protective antigen incorporated into neutral liposomes. The immunization of guinea pigs with antigen-containing liposomes ensures the production of "incomplete antibodies" in the animals in high titers.

Comparative immunochemical studies of different antigens of deep mycosis pathogens.

The disintegration of cells of Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis and Candida albicans by ultrasonical treatment, repeated freezing-thawing or mechanical methods permitted to obtain antigens with a high protein content. The treatment of these fungal cells with beta-naphthol, ethanol, glycerine or alkali makes it possible to isolate antigens containing mainly polysaccharides. The studied antigens turned out to be complex compounds. Proteins, glycoproteins, nucleoproteins and small quantities of phosphorus and nucleic acids were revealed in their composition. The protein-rich antigens were most active as inductors of a cellular and humoral immune response. These preparations turned out to be the most active and specific for DH testing. The polysaccharide-rich antigens were highly active in in vitro reactions but possessed a low immunogenecity. Immunoelectrophoretical analysis showed a mosaic character of antigen assembly in the preparations isolated from fungal cells and culture filtrates. In different antigens of C. immitis there have been revealed 4-7, in H. capsulatum 3-8 and in B. dermatitidis 3-6 components. The culture filtrates and "cell-saps" had a more complex antigenic spectrum: coccidioidin 7, histoplasmin 8, blastomycin 6; in C. albicans cell-sap, up to 20 antigens have been revealed. In the antigenic spectrum of C. immitis, H. capsulatum and B. dermatitidis common components prevailed, but in C. albicans no cross-reacting antigens have been revealed. Species- and phase-specific antigens have been found in preparations of H. capsulatum.

[Activity of myocardial, kidney and serum isoenzymes in experimental staphylococcal infection]. / Aktivnost' nekotorykh izofermentov serdechnoi myshtsy, pochek i syvorotki krovi pri éksperimental'noi stafilokokkovoi infektsii.

Alteration in activity and spectrum of multiple forms of some enzymes were studied in rat blood serum, myocardium and kidney cells in dynamics of staphylococcal infection as well as after administration of exo- and intracellular protein of staphylococci into animals. In the infection intracellular distribution of enzymes was impared in animal tissues studied and "tissue" isoforms of enzymes were accumulated in blood. Staphylococcal exo- and intracellular substances were found to effect dissimilarly on spectrum and activity of isoenzymes from rat kydney, myocardium and blood serum.