ABSTRACT
Rubus ellipticus is a native plant to India's tropical and subtropical regions and has been used as a traditional medicinal. The aim of study was to identify and evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-arthritis activities of hydroethanolic extract of R. ellipticus leaves (HEERE). The leaves were collected from the Narkanda Valley, India and were shade-dried and finely ground to produce the powder. The hydroethanolic extract was utilized for phytochemical analysis to determine the existence of carbohydrate, phenolic, terpenoid, flavonoid, saponin, glycoside, tannin, protein, and alkaloid. The HEERE was futher analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the characterization of the phytoconstituents. The antimicrobial activity was tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus as well as Aspergillus niger. To assess its anti-arthritic activities, different doses of HEERE were given orally to complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced albino Wistar rats for twenty-one days. The GC-MS analysis of hydroethanolic extracts from leaves detected and identified the presence of 33 phytochemical compounds. HEERE showed significant effects against E. coli, S. aureus, and A. niger strains at 600 ppm. Our data indicated that HEERE 200 mg/kg was more effective than 50 mg/kg as anti-arthritis. Paw volume, ankle-joint diameter, the number leucocytes, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were all significantly reduced in experimental rats. Furthermore, when compared to respective standard drugs, the body weight, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and synobium healing effect have all improved. These data demonstrated the potential of R. ellipticus for the long-term investigation of antimicrobial and anti-arthritic properties.
ABSTRACT
An established analytical method was further standardized for the estimation of spinosad residue in tomato grown under naturally ventilated polyhouse situated in mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh, India. Spinosad was sprayed on hybrid tomato cv. Avtar at the recommended and double the recommended dosages at 15 and 30 g a.i. ha(-1), respectively, to control the lepidopterous pests and the residue were analysed from tomato fruits at different intervals after second spray. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile-water mixture (8:2), partitioned into dichloromethane, methanol and anhydrous sodium hydroxide. The extracts were concentrated under vacuum and cleaned up with silica solid phase extraction cartridge. Further, the samples were analysed in high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with UV/visible detector at λ = 250 nm and C18 reversed-phase column. Consistent recoveries ranging from 80.6 ± 1.1 to 91.4 ± 1.2 % were observed when samples were spiked at fortification range of 0.01 to 0.20 mg kg(-1). The limit of quantification of the method was worked out to be 0.02 mg kg(-1). The half-life values of spinosad were determined to be 1.20 and 1.60 days at recommended and double the recommended dosage, respectively. The safety interval for spinosad sprayed tomato fruit was determined to be 1.92 and 3.88 days at application rate of 15 and 30 g a.i. ha(-1), respectively.
