The study of dental status through determination of the degree of preservation of paleoanthropological material.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To introduce a simple classification system for the degree of preservation and quality of the dentoalveolar apparatus into scientific circulation to further investigate dental diseases in ancestral populations.. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The sample analyzed consisted of the remains of 499 individuals from the human populations that existed in the territories of Ukraine from the Copper Age to the Bronze Age. Teeth and jaws were examined macroscopically under bright light; dental changes were evaluated by probing. Dental radiographic examinations were performed using retroalveolar and panoramic X-ray films in adult individuals. RESULTS: Results: The authors divide the dentoalveolar apparatus of fossil and subfossil skeletons into ten levels for further medical investigation of dental diseases. These levels depend on the preservation degree and changes in jaws and teeth. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The study of bone and tooth preservation, determination of skeletal sex, and age characteristics is a separate section and stage in reconstructing the physical type of individuals and the health status of a community. Studying the taphonomic features of odontologic anthropological material should be a mandatory prerequisite preceding its analysis in paleopathology. The condition of the dentoalveolar system can be classified into ten levels for paleopathological conclusions. This classification will be helpful to doctors specializing in forensic medicine and anthropologists.

Analysis of indicators of caries of permanent teeth in children according to the endemic features of the Poltava region, Ukraine.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: This research is focused at analyzing the indicators and substantiating the peculiarities of caries prevention in permanent teeth in schoolchildren of Poltava region, taking into account the endemic features of the Poltava region. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A comparative study was conducted among 608 pupils of secondary schools in Kremenchuk, who consumed drinking water with fluoride concentrations in the lower limits of the norm, and 1214 pupils of secondary schools in Poltava, who consumed drinking water with fluoride concentrations in the optimal upper limits of the norm. RESULTS: Results: The rates of caries in permanent teeth in children living in a region with fluoride concentrations in drinking water in the optimal-upper normal range are several times lower than in children of the same age living in a region with fluoride concentrations in drinking water in the lower normal range, and a significant increase in the prevalence and intensity of caries is observed from 7 to 9 to 12 years of age, as teeth after eruption are most vulnerable to caries. In a region where the fluoride concentration in drinking water is in the optimal-upper range of the norm, children with early forms of fluorosis have the lowest prevalence and intensity of caries. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Endemic features of the region directly affect the prevalence and intensity of the caries process. In regions with a fluoride concentration in drinking water within the optimal upper limits of the norm, prevention of caries in permanent teeth in children should be carried out taking into account the presence of fluorosis.

PERIODONTAL DISEASE AND SALIVARY OXIDATION STRESS IN CHILDREN WITH LYMPHOGRANULOMATOSIS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To investigate the impact of lymphogranulomatosis (LGM) and periodontal disease on salivary lipid peroxidation and enzymatic antioxidants` levels in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: 45 children aged 6-16 years with LGM were examined before hematologic therapy (group LGM 1), after therapy (group LGM 2), and at the remission (group LGM 3). The control group included 70 healthy children. Periodontal state of children, saliva thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were examined. RESULTS: Results: 6-11 years old children from LGM 1 group showed a higher frequency of periodontal disease (50,0%), as well as 12-15 year olds (80,8%) compared to healthy children (17,4% and 42,8% accordingly, p<0,05). TBARS levels were higher in LGM 1-3 groups of children with periodontal disease (9,79, 12,3 and 12,6 umol/l, р<0,01) compared to counterparts without it (8,01, 10,1 and 11,6 umol/l, р<0,01) and healthy children with periodontal disease (7,9 umol/l, р<0,01). SOD activity was higher in LGM 1-3 groups of children with periodontal disease (-0,075, -0,086, -0,074 units) compared to children without it (-0,048, -0,059, -0,04 units, р<0,01) and healthy children with periodontal disease (-0,04 units, р<0,01). Catalase activity was lower in LGM 1-3 groups of children with periodontal disease (6,72, 5,2 and 6,7 units) compared to counterparts without it (7,3, 3,7 and 4,7 units, р<0,01) and healthy children with periodontal disease (7,1 units, р<0,01). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Children with periodontal disease related to LGM had higher TBARS levels, SOD activity and lower catalase activity in saliva. Both LGM and periodontal disease altered lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in saliva of children.

NEUTROPHIL ACTIVITIES IN ADOLESCENTS WITH TYPE I DIABETES MELLITUS DEPENDING ON PERIODONTAL STATE.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To estimate the neutrophil activities in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) depending on periodontal state. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: A total of 93 individuals aged 12-16 years, including 62 T1DM patients and 31 healthy (H) controls, were included. Both groups were categorized into subgroups depending on their periodontal state. Phagocytic activity of neutrophils (PAN) the index of neutrophil activation (INA), and the percent of formazan-active neutrophils were evaluated using the spontaneous and the induced nitroblue tetrazolium (sNBT and iNBT) tests into oral rinses. RESULTS: Results: PAN was significantly higher in the healthy (H) controls with gingivitis compared with the individuals with gingival health (p < 0.0001). This parameter decreased significantly in the T1DM subjects, especially with periodontitis, compared with the H controls (p < 0.0001). The percent of formazan-active neutrophils and INA in the sNBT test increased in the T1DM patients with gingival health and continued to raise as periodontal state of adolescents with T1DM worsened (p<0.0001). The parameters of the iNBT test in the T1DM adolescents decreased with the periodontal disease development (p < 0.0001) that may demonstrate that superoxide production exhausts in diabetes, especially associated with periodontal disease. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The sNBT test in studied adolescents showed that both periodontal disease and T1DM increase the rate of activated neutrophils (p<0,05).

Advanced endodontic developments in pulpectomy of primary teeth.

INTRODUCTION: To appraise studies about pulpectomy in primary teeth with nickel-titanium rotary files and smear layer removal and to find out may these developments enhance pulpectomy outcomes in primary teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search was implemented for PubMed, Google and Google Scholar between the years 1995-January 2016 to identify eligible studies. Studies design was established according to the CEBM recommendations. Evidence quality of studies was appraised by risk of bias. RESULTS: Six studies about pulpectomy met the inclusion criteria, of which five were randomized controlled trials. Only one research demonstrates the enhanced outcome of pulpectomy in primary teeth with smear layer removal. Chosen studies have low overall evidence quality. CONCLUSIONS: Given the paucity, high heterogeneity of high-quality articles and their level of bias, recommendation for the use of nickel-titanium rotary files and smear layer removal in pulpectomy in primary teeth can yet not be formulated.