Factors influencing the spatiotemporal variation in the value of ecosystem services in Anxi county.

Understanding the value of ecosystem services is imperative for the welfare of current and future generations. Anxi town is situated within the mountainous terrain of Fujian province, China and characterized by a diverse range of ecosystems encompassing forests, rivers, and mountains. These ecosystems offer a wide range of ecosystem services. The value of ecosystem services has been declining in the county for the past twenty-years. However, limited is known on the spatial changes and factors affecting the value of these Therefore, current study assessed the spatial changes in the value of ecosystem services (provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural) in 24 townships situated in the county for three time periods, i.e., 1999, 2009, and 2019 and factors affecting these services. The results revealed that annual decline in the value of ecosystem services was higher in 1999-2009 than 2009-2019. Longjuan, Xianghua, Gande, Futian, Changkeng, Xiping, Taozhou and Huqiu townships observed the highest annual decline in the value of ecosystem services ranging from 20.1 to 68.1 million yuan. The GWR model indicated that vegetation index had the highest impact on the value of ecosystem services in the county. Overall, the value of ecosystem services was negatively correlated with the urbanization rate and distance from the road with some exceptions, whereas altitude had a positive impact. All townships (except Xianghua, Futian, and Taozhou) had negative values for water supply services. Hence, water supply is a significant ecological issue in the county. It is concluded that tea farmers in the county should be educated about water and soil conservation, investment should be done in conservation measures, regional ecological environments should be protected, and ecological tea planting techniques should be developed in the county to halt further decrease in the value of ecosystem services.

Exploring the therapeutic potential and bio-evaluation of muesli (Chlorophytum borivilianum) for the management of postprandial glucose management in healthy and diabetic female subjects.

Muesli and cereal based breakfast contain generous amounts of fiber that are helpful in the management of blood glucose levels. Muesli contains ß-glucans that ensure gradual rise in blood glucose levels. Muesli also limits the absorption of glucose by making it unavailable. This study explored the effect of muesli in the management of postprandial blood glucose levels. 15 healthy and 15 diabetic females were offered muesli meal after 8h fasting. Fasting blood glucose levels and blood glucose level 30 and 60 minutes after meal were measured. Results of study showed that muesli brought a gradual rise in blood sugar level. Healthy females showed fasting sugar (92.17±11.27), after 30 minutes (110.87±13.85) and after 60 minutes (114.25±15.67) while diabetic females showed fasting sugar (113.25±10.87), after 30 minutes (117.83±18.74) and after 60 minutes (118.26±17.85). The nutritional profile of muesli showed that it contained 202 kcal of energy, 32.7g of carbohydrates, 9g of fiber, 12.4g of protein and 2.5g of fats. It also contained 5.1g of ß-glucans. Muesli found to be effective in the management of postprandial blood glucose levels in healthy and diabetic populations.

Antagonists of Vitamin K-Popular Coumarin Drugs and New Synthetic and Natural Coumarin Derivatives.

Many natural coumarins and their chemically synthesized analogs and derivatives exert diverse properties, such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or anticoagulant, with the latter being of the utmost importance. The widely used warfarin, acenocoumarol, and phenprocoumon exert anticoagulant properties by inhibiting the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex. In this interdisciplinary review, we present biochemical principles of the coagulation processes and possible methods for their tuning based on the use of coumarins. We also summarize chemical methods of synthesis of coumarins and discuss structures and properties of those that have been used for a long time, as well as newly synthesized compounds. Brief information on the clinical use of coumarins and other anticoagulant drugs is given, including the severe effects of overdosing and methods for reversing their action.

A biological, fluorescence and computational examination of synthetic coumarin derivatives with antithrombotic potential.

BACKGROUND: Scientists still look for new drugs, which have anticoagulant properties. This is so important because existing anticoagulant drugs give many side effects, for example major bleeding. In this study we examined nine coumarin derivatives - candidates to be future antithrombotic drugs, which were synthetized and crystallized in our previous paper. METHODS: Here we show the fluorescence and fluorescence quenching of coumarin derivatives with di- or trimethoxybenzylamine moieties in C-3 position. All nine compounds were checked by lactate dehydrogenase assay to examine their cytotoxic activity on hepatic cells. We also investigated the other biological properties (bioactivity, drug-likeness and blind docking) using computational tools. Lipophilicity coefficient logP of all obtained compounds was determined using by RP-TLC and compared to theoretical predictions. RESULTS: The obtained coumarins exhibited low lipophilic character. The substances bound with HSA and did not demonstrate cytotoxicity against isolated liver cells. The most interesting compound (3b) possessed two methoxy- group in 2- and 4-position in benzene ring, ability to interact with two HSA binding sites and probably smaller steric hindrance in comparison to other synthesized derivatives. CONCLUSIONS: Our present study shows that after examination of fluorescence, cytotoxic activity, lipophilicity, theoretical bioactivity, drug-likeness and blind docking of our synthesized compounds they have potential as antithrombotic medicines and may be candidates to be drugs after further studies.